70 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY. 



Transversalis dbdominis arises from the cartilages of the seven 

 lower ribs, and the transverse processes of the four lower lumbar 

 vertebra? and spine of the ilium. Inserted into the linea alba 

 throughout its whole length, and into the ensiform cartilage. Use 

 To compress the abdominal viscera. 



Rectus abdominis arises from the outside of the sternum and 

 xyphoid cartilage. Inserted into the side of the symphisis of the 

 pubis. Use To compress the abdomen and bend the trunk. 



Pyramidalis arises from the anterior upper part of the pubis. 

 Inserted into the linea alba, below the umbilicus. Use To assist 

 the lower portion of the rectus. 



MUSCLES OF THE ANUS. 



Sphincter ani arises from the skin and fat surrounding the anus 

 on both sides. Inserted into the perineum, acceleratores urinaB, and 

 transversus perinsei. Use To shut the passage through the anus 

 into the rectum. 



Levator ani arises from the internal surface of the pubis, ilium, 

 and ischium, of both sides, in a radiated manner. Inserted into the 

 sphincter ani, acceleratores urinse, and os coccygis, and surrounds 

 the rectum, neck of the bladder, &c., like a funnel. Use To draw 

 the rectum up after the dejection of the faeces, and to assist in shut- 

 ting it. 



MUSCLES SITUATED WITHIN THE PELVIS. 



Obturator internus arises from the foramen ovale obturator liga- 

 ment, ilium, ischium, and pubis. Inserted into a large pit between 

 the trochanters of the femur. Use To roll the femur obliquely 

 outwards. 



Coccygeus arises from the spinous process of the ischium. In- 

 serted into the extremity of the sacrum and os coccygis. Use To 

 move the coccyx forwards and inw^ards. 



MUSCLES SITUATED WITHIN THE CAVITY OF THE ABDOMEN. 



Quadratus lumborum arises from the posterior part of the spine 

 of the ilium. Inserted into the transverse apophyses of the loins 

 and last spurious rib. Use To support the spine and draw it to 

 one side. m \ > 



Psoas parvus arises from the transverse process of the last dorsal 

 vertebrae. Inserted into' the brim of the pelvis, near the place of 

 the acetabulum. Use To bend the loins forwards. 



