THE MUSCLES. 73 



into the lower edge of each rib by a flat tendon. Use To draw 

 the ribs downwards, to move the body upon its axis, to assist the 

 long, dorsi, and to turn the neck back, or to one side. 



Longissimus dorsi arises from the same parts as the former, and 

 by one common broad tendon. Inserted into the transverse pro- 

 cesses of all the dorsal and one cervical vertebrae. Use To stretch 

 the vertebrae of the back, and keep the trunk erect. 



Complexus arises from the transverse processes of the four in- 

 ferior cervical, and seven superior dorsal vertebrae. Inserted into 

 the middle of the os occipitis, at its tubercle. Use To draw the 

 head backwards. 



Trachelo-mastoideus . arises from the transvere processes of the 

 five lower cervical and three upper dorsal vertebrae. Inserted into 

 the os occipitis, behind the mastoid process of the temporal bone. 

 Use To draw the head backwards. 



Levator scapulae arises from the transverse processes of the four 

 superior cervical vertebrae. Inserted into the upper angle of the 

 scapula. Use To move the scapula forwards and upwards. 



Semi-spinalis dorsi arises from the transverse processes of the 

 7th, 8th, 9th, and 10th dorsal vertebrae. Inserted into the spinous 

 processes of the four superior dorsal and the last cervical vertebrae. 

 Use To extend the spine obliquely backwards. 



Multifidus spina arises from the sacrum, ilium, oblique and trans- 

 verse processes of the lumbar, the transverse of the dorsal, and four 

 cervical vertebrae. Inserted into the spinous processes of the lum- 

 bar, dorsal, and cervical vertebrae, except the atlas. Use To 

 extend the back and draw it backwards or to one side, and prevent 

 the spine from being too much bent forwards. 



Semi-spinalis colli arises from the transverse processes of the 

 six upper dorsal vertebrae. Inserted into the spinous processes of 

 the five middle cervical. Use To stretch the neck obliquely 

 backwards. 



Transversalis colli arises from the transverse processes of the five 

 upper dorsal vertebrae. Inserted into the transverse processes of 

 the cervical vertebras. Use To turn the neck obliquely back- 

 wards, and to one side. 



Rectus capitis posticus major arises from the transverse process 

 of the second cervical vertebra. Inserted into the lower ridge of 

 the os occipitis. Use To extend the head and draw it backwards. 



Rectus capitis posticus minor arises from the first vertebra of the 



