CONTENTS. Xlll 



CHAPTER VIII. 



THE BILE. 



PAGE 



Physical properties of the bile Its composition Biliverdine Cliolesterin 

 Biliary salts Their mode of extraction Crystallization Glyko-chojate of 

 soda Tauro-cholate of soda Biliary salts in different species of animals 

 and in man Tests for bile Variations and functions of bile Daily quan- 

 tity Time of its discharge into intestine Its disappearance from the ali- 

 mentary canal Its reabsorption Its ultimate decomposition . . 175-199 



CHAPTER IX. 



FORMATION OF SUGAR IN THE LIVER. 



Existence of sugar in liver of all animals Its percentage Internal origin of 

 liver-sugar Its production after death Glycogenic matter of the liver Its 

 properties and composition Absorption of liver-sugar by hepatic veins 

 Its accumulation in the blood during digestion Its final decomposition and 

 disappearance ........ 200-207 



CHAPTER X. 



THE SPLEEN. 



Capsule of Spleen Variations in size of the organ Its internal structure 

 Malpighian bodies of the spleen Action of spleen on the blood Effect 

 of its extirpation ..... . 208-212 



CHAPTER XI. 



THE BLOOD. 



RED GLOBULES of the blood Their microscopic characters Structure and com- 

 position Variations in size in different animals WHITE GLOBULES of the 

 blood Independence of the two kinds of blood-globules PLASMA Its com- 

 position Fibrin Albumen Fatty matters Saline ingredients Extractive 

 matters COAGULATION OF THE BLOOD Separation of clot and serum Influ- 

 ences hastening or retarding coagulation Coagulation not a commencement 

 of organization Formation of buffy coat Entire quantity of blood in body 



213-231 



CHAPTER XII. 



RESPIRATION. 



Respiratory apparatus of aquatic and air-breathing animals Structure of 

 lungs in human subjects Respiratory movements of chest Of glottis 

 Changes in the air during respiration Changes in the blood Proportions 

 of oxygen and carbonic acid, in venous and arterial blood Solution of gases 

 by the blood-globules Origin of carbonic acid in the blood Its mode of 

 production Quantity of carbonic acid exhaled from the body Variations 

 according to age, sex, temperature, &c. Respiration by the skin . 232-252 



