ACCIDENTAL INGREDIENTS OF THE URINE. 357 



this salt, after being injected into the duct of the submaxillary 

 gland, could be detected in the urine at the end of twenty minutes. 



Iodine, in all its combinations, passes out by the same channel. 

 We have found that after the administration of half a drachm of 

 the syrup of iodide of iron, iodine appears in the urine at the end 

 of thirty minutes, and continues to be present for nearly twenty- 

 four hours. In the case of two patients who had been taking iodide 

 of potassium freely, one of them for two months, the other for six 

 weeks, the urine still contained iodine at the end of three days 

 after the suspension of the medicine. In three days and a half, 

 however, it was no longer to be detected. Iodine appears also, 

 after being introduced into the circulation, both in the saliva and 

 the perspiration. 



Quinine, when taken as a remedy, has also been detected in the 

 urine. Ether passes out of the circulation in the same way. "We 

 have observed the odor of this substance very perceptibly in the 

 urine, after it had been inhaled for the purpose of producing anaes- 

 thesia. The bile-pigment passes into the urine in great abundance 

 in some cases of jaundice, so that the urine may have a deep yellow 

 or yellowish brown tinge, and may even stain linen clothes, with 

 which it comes in contact, of a similar color. The saline biliary 

 substances, viz., glyko-cholate and tauro-cholate of soda, have occa- 

 sionally, according to Lehmann, been also found in the urine. In 

 these instances the biliary matters are reabsorbed from the hepatic 

 ducts, and afterward conveyed by the blood to the kidneys. 



Sugar. When sugar exists in unnatural quantity in the blood, 

 it passes out with the urine. We have repeatedly found that if 

 sugar be artificially introduced into the circulation in rabbits, or 

 injected into the subcutaneous areolar tissue so as to be absorbed by 

 the blood, it is soon discharged by the kidneys. It has been shown 

 by Bernard 1 that the rapidity with which this substance appears in 

 the urine under these circumstances varies with the quantity in- 

 jected and the kind of sugar used for the experiment. If a solution 

 of 15 grains of glucose be injected into the areolar tissue of a rabbit 

 weighing a little over two pounds, it is entirely destroyed in the 

 circulation, and does not pass out with the urine. A dose of 23 

 grains, however, injected in the same way, appears in the urine at 

 the end of two hours, 30 grains in an hour and a half, 38 grains in 

 an hour, and 188 grains in fifteen minutes. Again, the kind of 



1 Le.onsde Phys. Exp.. 1855, p. 214 et seq. 



