8 



on a large scale till the first two methods have been found 

 to fail. 



Nursery transplants may be put out (1) from tins ; from 

 pots ; or from bamboo tubes, as in Australia and elsewhere ; 



(2) dug out of beds without breaking the nursery clod; 



(3) open roots, #., with the earth shaken off. (1) Is the 

 safest and the method almost invariably adapted for ever- 

 greens that have to be sent any distance. A parafine tin 

 split lengthways forms two flat trays into which from 12 

 to 25 transplants can be conveniently planted ; 25 plants 

 per tin is the usual number in the Government nurseries. 

 A few specially large plants are raised in single tins the 

 half of a parafine tin cut crossways ; (2) is only adapted 

 for work near the nursery ; (o) is the cheapest, but can 

 only be practised with evergreens, when the winter rains 

 are steady and certain as in the Cape Peninsula. It is the 

 common method everywhere for leaf-shedders. The mud- 

 bath for open root transplants is of doubtful utility ; it is 

 more important to carefully protect the roots from the dry- 

 ing action of sun and wind. The golden rule for all trans- 

 plants is to disturb the roots as little as possible. Hence 

 the utility of small tins and tubes for the most difficult 

 planting. 



WATERING. It is usually necessary to water young trees 

 when they are first planted out. Watering afterwards will 

 of course depend on circumstances. When watering has 

 to be practised through the summer in hard ground it is 

 best to pour the water into a hole prepared for the purpose 

 at one side of the root. Make a small hole just wide 

 enough for the hand to go into over the wrist and fill up 

 the hole with leaves, weeds, or some other mulch. This 

 plan keeps the ground open and the roots in their proper 

 place, not too near the surface. 



A common error in planting is to put the young tiees in 

 the ground too deeply. Nothing is gain* d by this except 

 a liability to rot, if water stands about those green parts of 

 the stem that should naturally be out of the ground. In 

 planting out young trees they should stand at the same 

 level as, or be only slightly deeper than, they stood in the 

 nursery or tins whence they came. 



