MOLLUSCA. 149 



avara, S. ovalis optima, Vertigo ovata, Strohilops virgo, Carychium exi- 

 guum, C. exile, Pyramidula alternata, Pyramidula cronkhitei anthonyi, 

 P. c. catskillensis, Agriolimax campestris, Vitrea ferrea, V. hammonis, 

 Punctum pygmaeum, Bifidaria tappaniana, B. corticaria, Zonitoides 

 nitida, Z. arhorea, Polygyra monodon and P. jraterna. In very wet 

 swamps, among leaves and underbrush and fallen bark in quite dr}^ 

 raised portions around the roots and bases of trees, a large number of 

 shells were also obtained. Here were found Euconulus fulvus, Succinea 

 avara, S. retusa, S. ovalis, Carychium exiguum, C. exile, Pyramidula 

 alternata, P. cronkhitei anthonyi, Agriolimax campestris, Vitrea hammonis, 

 V. binneyana, V. rhoadsi, Helicodiscus parallelus. Vertigo gouldii, Bifid- 

 aria tappaniana. B. pentodon, B. contracta, B. corticaria, Zonitoides ar- 

 horea, Polygyra monodon, and specimens of Vertigo and Bifidaria which 

 were too young to indentify. 



39. Dry ivoods. On the higher and drier ground around Rush Lake, 

 the woods consist mainly of poplars, birches, beeches, elms, and maples, 

 with a few balsam firs and hemlocks scattered thru, and of rich cedar 

 thickets. They are often adjacent to the sand dunes, but they are 

 usually quite easily distinguished as the latter are much more sandy 

 and are covered with great numbers of small oaks. 



Under fallen logs and beneath their bark, the small land shells were 

 especially plentiful, this and the preceding habitat l^eing the most 

 favorable localities for such shells in this region. Pallifera dorsalis, 

 Pyramidula alternata, P. cronkhitei anthonyi, Polygyra thyroides, P. 

 fraterna, Philomycus carolinensis, Vitrea hammonis, Zonitoides arhorea, 

 Bifidaria contracta, B. pentodon, Agriolimax campestris, and Helicodis- 

 cus parallelus were present in great abundance in such places. Zoni- 

 toides minuscula, Z. milium, Punctum pygmaeum, Succinea avara, Vitrea 

 rhoadsi, V. ferrea, V. indentata, Bifidaria corticaria, Strohilops virgo, 

 Polygyra alholahris, P. a. maratima, Carychium exiguum, C. exile. Vertigo 

 gouldii, Euconulus fulvus, E. chersiniis polygyratus, Pyramidula cronk- 

 hitei catskillejisis, and indeterminate specimens of Vertigo were also ob- 

 tained, but in lesser numbers. 



40. Meadow along the edge of woods. Under fallen logs in a moist, 

 grassy meadow along woods such as were described in the preceding 

 habitat were found Bifidaria contracta, B. tappaniana, Carychium exile, 

 C. exiguum, Succinea avara, Zonitoides arhorea, Polygyra alholahris, P. 

 monodon, P. thyroides, Pyramidula alternata, P. cronkhitei anthonyi, 

 Vitrea hammonis, Helicodiscus parallelus, Agriolimax campestris. and 

 some juvenile specimens of Polygyra, which were too young to 

 identify. 



41. Dry yard. Under stones in the yard of a deserted farmhouse 

 near Rush Lake, numerous specimens of Vallonia pulchella were col- 



