THYSANOPTERA AND ORTHOPTERA. 177 



THYSANOPTERA AND ORTHOPTERA. 



BY A. FRANKLIN SHULL 



General Introduction. 

 Thysanoptera . 

 Introduction. 

 Scope of Investigations. 



Methods of Collecting and Preser\'ing Specimens. 

 Ecology of the Thysanoptera. 

 Scheme of Classification. 

 Factors determining Habitat. 

 Habits of Thysanoptera. 

 Locomotion. 

 Crawling. 

 Flight. 

 Leaping. 

 Reproduction. 

 Copulation. 



Mode of Reproduction. 

 Dissemination. 



Local Distribution. 

 Tendency not to Migrate. 

 Possible Factors Operating against Migration. 

 Preference of Location. 

 Incapabihty of Sustained Fl'ght. 

 Aimlessness of Flight. 

 Inertia. 

 Enemies and Checks. 



Predaceous Animals. 

 Rains. 

 Systematic and Detailed Treatment of Species. 

 Key to Species. 

 List of Species. 

 Summary of Principal Results. 

 Discussion of Economic Aspect. 

 Orthoptera. 



Introduction. 

 Economic Considerations. 

 Diurnal Activity of Acridiidae. 

 Ecology. 

 List of Species. 

 Literature Cited. 



GENERAL INTRODUCTION. 



When the field party of the Biological Sui've}- of the State of .Alichi- 

 gan was organized for the season of 1908, and I was asked to take charge 

 of the entomological studies, I was given pretty free rein to hmit the 

 field as seemed best. While no opportunity was lost to collect in all 

 orders of insects wherever this was practicable. I elected to work chief! v 

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