DETECTION OF THE SEAT OF LAMENESS. 21 



regions. Either method luaj bring out crepitation and 

 occasionally mobility. Examination per rectum also is of 

 great value in these fractures. 



In disease of the tendon of the gluteus medius muscle or 

 postea spinatus tendon, the crepitation peculiar to this 

 trouble is differentiated from that of a fracture by its softer 

 character. It is felt by placing the hand upon the tendon 

 of the muscle while walking the animal. Pain on rotation 

 of a joint indicates articular trouble, especially of the 

 phalangeal articulations. In such a case the leg is picked 

 up as in shoeing, oue hand fixing it above the articulation 

 to be examined and the other hand practicing a strong and 

 steady rotation. If the pain in the joint or its ligaments is 

 slight, passive rotation may give negative results ; therefore 

 the absence of pain on rotating a joint does not invariably 

 exclude its being diseased. 



Artificial movement of the upper joints, — that is, those 

 above the knee or hock, — with a view to locate abnormal 

 couditions, is of but little value, unless it be to test for 

 limited mobility. 



In examining the carpus for stiffness, it is imperative to 

 have the angle of the elbow and shoulder joint in both legs 

 exactly alike, since a difference in their respective positions 

 might lead to errors, as both knees must be tested and the 

 results compared. 



Pain in the region of the shoulder occasionally is dis- 

 cernible by artificially extending the arm forward and 

 backward, abducting and adducting it; but the impatient 

 motions, of a nervous animal must not be confounded with 

 pain the result of that test. 



Examination of the pelvic cavity per rectum may become 

 necessary to diagnose fractures of the pelvic bones or 



