30 LAMENESS IN THE HORSE. 



he closely watching the distance between both feet as they 

 are placed before each other upon the ground. 



Swinging-leg lameness can be divided into two main 

 groups. 



Swinging-leg lameness, with a retarded and apparently 

 shortened stride, is present in : 



1. Diseased states, usually of an inflammatory nature, of 

 muscles, tendons or their sheaths, as of the mastoido- 

 humeralis, coraco-humeralis and antea-spinatus. 



2. Inflammatory processes of the shoulder and elbow 

 joint. 



3. Painful conditions in the region of the shoulder joints 

 as swelling of the prescapular and axillary glands. 



4. Paralysis of the axillary nerve plexus. 



5. Periostitis. 



6. Inflammatory conditions of the skin of the phalangeal 

 region, lameness disappearing after a few steps have been 

 taken. 



Swinging-leg lameness, with irregular movement of the 

 limb, as incomplete extension, is present in : 



1. Paralysis of the olecranian muscles. 



2. Extensive lacerations of the olecranian muscles. 



3. Transverse fracture of the ulna. 



4 Hupture of the extensors of the metacarpus and foot. 



Supporting-leg lameness is much more frequent than 

 swinging-leg lameness, because all diseases of the hoof give 

 rise to it. It can be divided into three main groups : 



Supporting-leg lameness, with shortening of the period 

 of weight-bearing and posterior half of the step, is present in : 



1. Diseases of the bones, as fractures, fissures and 

 periostitis, especially of the phalanges ; less so of other 

 bones. 



