CHAPTER IV. 



LAMENESS IN THE REGION OF THE 

 SHOULDER. 



1.— Shoulder Lameness. 



This ambiguous term is applied to all those diseasea 

 couditions of the region of the shoulder which cannot be 

 clearly recognized clinically. Since the shoulder is covered 

 by the main organs of locouiotion, it is natural that there is 

 more or less similarity in the symptoms shown. 



Lameness is indicated, as a rule, by a limited motion 

 when the leg is carried forward, the foot is advanced slowly 

 and imperfectly, often describing an outward circle during 

 the forward stride '■ when standing still, the leg may or may 

 not be flexed, resting on the toe. Moving on uneven ground, 

 the toe is liable to trip ; going up hill or trotting in a circle, 

 with the lame leg on the outside of the circle, increases 

 lameness. While trotting, the animal frequently nods 

 decidedly with the head, "going lame with its ears," as the 

 Frenchman says Backing is difficult, and the leg is usually 

 dragged along the ground. Lameness on hard or soft ground 

 is about the same, the animal possibly going a little lamer 

 on soft than on hard ground. In disease of the levators of 

 the fore-arm, ]iassive movements in a forward, backward and 

 inward direction, produce pain. Atrophy of muscles in 

 chronic lameness is not to be relied upon too much, for it 

 dors not alwavs indicate the seat of the disease. From a 



