LAMENESS IN THE REGION OF THE SHOULDER. 45 



iu advauciug tbe leg; whenever the olecranian muscles 

 contract, all the joints, from the elbow down, become 

 extended, to remain so during motion. 



8 —Fracture of the Scapula. 



History. — Sudden lameness following collisions, falls and 

 kicks, etc. 



Inspection.— J] sMoWj a mixed lameness. Any sudden 

 severe lameness showing itself not only when the leg 

 supports weight, but also when it is carried forward (mixed 

 lameness), with an above history, creates suspicion of a 

 fractured scapula, unless there is some other positive reason 

 for the sudden lameness. The lame leg may be shortened,, 

 the animal thus walking on three legs ; but in simple fracture, 

 of the scapular spine the leg often supports weight, there 

 being a distinct swinging-leg lameness in this case. 



Pt(//9«^/o«.— Crepitation may or may not be felt by resting 

 the hand upon the external scapular muscles. When there 

 is much swelling the diagnosis of a fracture becomes very 

 difficult. In fracture of the scapular spine, dorsal and 

 cervical angles, the broken fragments can generally be felt. 

 Excessive adduction and abduction is noticeable in fracture 

 of the neck of the scapula. Very difficult of diagnosis are 

 fractures of the body of the bone ; but if the humerus is 

 intact and crepitation with the above mentioned symptoms 

 present, the fracture of some part of the body of the scapula 

 can be surmised. 



9.— Fracture of the Fore-arm. 



ZTis^ory.— Lameness following kicks, falls, collisions, etc. 



FRACTURE OF THE DIAPHYSIS. 



/?w/)ec^ion.— Swinging and supporting leg lameness, with 

 abnormal mobility in the region of the arm. 



