84 LAMENESS IN THE HOKSE. 



Shortening of the period of weight-bearing and posterior 

 half of the step is present in : 



1. Diseases of the hoof. 



2. Painful states in the tendons and tendon sheaths of 

 the flexor muscles, especially the perforans. 



3. Painful diseases of the joints ; short turns increasing 

 the lameness, as in spavin. 



4. Inflammatory conditions of the fasciae. 



5. Fractures of the pelvis and painful diseases of the 

 muscles of the internal crural region, especially the gracilis 

 muscle. 



Abduction of the whole leg, is present in : 



Painful states in the outer half of the hoof, in animals 

 spavined on both legs. 



Abduction of the entire leg, is present in : 



Fractures of the pelvis, especially pubis, and in the 

 cotyloid cavity ; thrombosis of the iliac arteries, and 

 occasionally in spavin. 



Inward and outward rotation of the whole leg is present in: 



1. Inward or outward rotation, as in fractures of the 

 long boneri. 



2. Inward rotation, in rupture of the internal ligament 

 of the patella and in inflammation of the bursa and tendon 

 of the middle gluteus muscle. In backward luxation of the 

 femur, the leg is also adducted. 



3. Outward rotation, with abduction, in forward luxation, 

 and with lengthening of the leg in inward luxation (obturator 

 foramen) of the femur. 



Abnormal flexion of all joints of the leg, is present in ; 

 (See pages 82-83.) 



