DEEP WATERS 269 
coéperative mine; but as that is a story by itself, 
I cannot do it now. I promise myself, however, 
the pleasure of writing a history of this inno- 
vation in coal-mining at an early date. It is 
worth the world’s knowing that a copartnership 
can exist between three hundred equal partners 
without serious friction, and that community in 
business interests on a large scale can be success- 
fully managed without any effort to control per- 
sonal liberty, either domestic, social, or religious. 
Indeed, I believe the success of this experiment 
is due largely to the absence of any attempt to 
superintend the private interests of its members, 
—the only bond being a common financial one, 
and the one requisite to membership, ability to 
save a portion of the wages earned. 
But to go back to farm matters. In August 
the ground was stirred for the second time 
around the young trees. To do this, the mulch 
was turned back and the surface for a space of 
three feet all around the tree was loosened by 
hoe or mattock, and the mulch was then re- 
turned. The trees were vigorous, and their 
leaves had the polish of health, in spite of the 
dry July and August. The mulching must re- 
ceive the credit for much of this thrift, for it 
protected the soil from the rays of the sun and 
invited the deep moisture to rise toward the sur- 
face. Few people realize the amount of water 
that enters into the daily consumption of a tree. 
It is said that the four acres of leaf surface of 
