THE DEPENDENCE OF MAN 5 



Animals and plants as sources of shelter. Such of our ances- 

 ors as were fortunate enough to inhabit mountain districts lived 

 n caves, but as the more venturesome and ambitious sought 

 heir fortunes on the plains, where civilization develops, they 

 nade themselves tents or tabernacles of the skins of animals 

 ind afterward of woven cloth. Only later were shelters built of 

 umber, bricks, or stone. Our own race has developed its civili- 

 ation in habitations made of wood, but with the passing of the 

 y/ears and the destruction of natural forests, we shall more and 

 Inore build of indestructible materials not the product of either 

 Dlant or animal life. 



For our furniture and our furnishings, however, we shall 

 ilways be dependent upon both, and we cannot say, even in 

 :his, that man is independent of the humbler life about him. 

 Though in the past his draft for building materials has been 

 upon natural supplies and not upon domesticated races, yet the 

 attention that is now being given to forestry indicates the neces- 

 sity of protecting and renewing the timber supplies in ways that 

 amount almost to a domestication of our valuable woods. 



Vegetable products as sources of heat and light. For ages 

 wood has warmed the body of suffering man, cooked his food, 

 and lifted the shadows from his soul. Not until after the open- 

 ing of the twelfth century ^ did we begin to draw upon our coal 

 deposits, and not until recent years have petroleum and natural 

 gas ranked as heat- and light-producing materials. 



I^ut whether wood or coal, petroleum or gas, all reduce to the 

 same ultimate basis, — vegetable growth and the carbon of the 

 atmosphere harnessed by the green of the leaf operating under 

 the energy of the sun. 



None of these sources of heat is from cultivated plants, but 

 the world supply of coal, and therefore of petroleum and gas, is 

 limited, so that at no distant day we shall be obliged to secure 

 our heat either from the sun direct, from wood growing in 



'It is supposed that the first charter for mining coal was granted by 

 Henry III to Newcastle-on-Tyne, 1239. 



