C i) 
years. In the rotation of three years, the ground is 
sown five times, and in that of four years, seven 
times, as follows: | 
' Ist year, wheat, and after hess lupins: 
2d do. wheat; and after wheat turnips: 
» 3d do. Indian corn or millet. | 
Ist year, wheat, and after wheat beans: 
-2d-do. wheat, and after wheat lupins: | 
3d do. wheat, and after wheat lupinella: fan- 
nual clover.] 
» 4th do. Indian corn or millet. 
In the Syanese Maremna, where the lands want 
neither repose or manure, the constant alternation 
is hemp and wheat, and the produce of the latter of- 
ten twenty-four bushels threshed for one sown, 
It will be seen from this course of crops, that the 
principal object of Tuscan agriculture, is wheat; of 
which they have two species, the one bald, the other 
bearded; both larger than the corresponding species 
in other countries of Europe ; convertible into ex- 
cellent bread and pastes, and probably but varieties 
of that Sicilian family, which Pliny describes, as 
yielding “most flour and least bran, and suffering no 
degradation from time” It is harvested about the 
middle of June, and whien the grain crop is secured, 
the ploughing for the second, or forage crop, begins, 
which besides lupins, lupinella and beans, often con- 
sists of a mixture of lupins, turnipsand flax. The 
Jupins ripen first and are gathered in autumn; the 
turnips are drawn in the winter and the flax in the 
spring. | 
Besides the application of ordinary manures, the 
