( 5 ) 
lupin is ploughed down, when in flower ; a practice 
that began with the Romans: Columella says, “of 
all leguminous vegetables, the lupin is that which 
most merits attention, because it costs least, employs 
least time and furnishes an excellent manure.” ‘The 
culture of this vegetable is different, according to the 
purposes for which it.is raised; if for grain, the 
ground has two ploughings and deaputesdive pounds 
weight of seed toa square yt a hundred toises: if for 
manure, one ploughing is sufficient. Like our buck- 
wheat, its vegetation is quick and its growth rapid ; 
whence the further advantage of suppressing, and 
even of destroying, the weeds that would have in- 
fested any other crop. In the neighborhood of Flo- 
rence, they are in the practice of burning the soil; 
which they do by. digging holes, filling them with 
faggots and raising the earth into mounds over them. 
The faggots are then inflamed and burnt, and with 
them the incumbent earth, which is afterwards scat- 
tered, so as to give to the whole field the same eee 
paration. 
Ill. « The countries,” says Arthur Young,“ the 
most rich and flourishing of Europe, in pr oportion to 
theirextent, are probably Piedmont and the Milanese. 
We there meet all the signs of prosperity—an active 
and well conditioned population, great exportations, 
considerableinterior consumption, superb roads, many 
opulent towns, a ready and abundant circulation, the 
interest of money low, the price of labor high; in 
one word, it is impossible to cite a single fact that 
shows that Manchester, Birmingham, Rouen, and 
Lyons, are in a condition equally prosperous, as the 
