C 7) 
dicates, have loco motive powers and rights. Of the 
condition of this people, since the year 1764, (and 
before that period it was much worse) we may form 
an idea from the ediet of Maria Theresa, called the 
urbarium, or law of contracts between landlord and 
tenant, by which it is declared, that corporeal pun- 
ishment | inflicted by the master for insolent words 
or conduct,) shall not exceed twenty-four strokes 
with a cane for a man, and the same number with a 
switch fora woman. Noris the commercial condi- 
tion of this people betier than the czvil ; they are 
not only obliged to take from Austria manv things 
which they could have had in other places of a bet- 
ter quality and at a lower price, but they are also 
compelled to carry to Vienna the products of their 
own soil and labor, where their sale is embarrassed 
and their value lessened by heavy and oppressive 
taxes. ‘The same remark applies to Galitia, whose 
natural outlet is the Vistula, or the Nieper; but of 
these she is not permitted to avail herself, and; like 
her sister kingdoms, is compelled to seek the mar- 
kets furnished by the Danube and Trieste. “The 
consequences are obvious—the tenant works only 
to satisfy hunger, and the landlord is satisfied with 
little more than‘ vielum et vestitum.’’?(1). 
The amount of lands annually cultivated in Ba- 
varia, is one million one hundred and: sixty-five 
thousand. acres, ‘which produce about six millions 
of bushels of grain, of which two millions are sur- 
plus. The Palatinate, (one of the dependencies of 
i 
(1) Geog. Math. vol. 4, article Hungary, 
