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required by them. The ground (selected on these 
principles) must be securely fenced, thoroughly 
ploughed and harrowed, freed from stones and the 
roots of perennial plants, and then thrown up into — 
three or four feet ridges, on which you will sow. and 
cover your apple and pear seed and plant your cher- 
ry and peach stones. It will now be useful to roll 
the beds for the purpose of bringing the soil and the 
seeds every where into contact; after which they 
may be covered with clean straw for the winter. In 
the spring your young apple and pear trees will show 
themselves, and after them your cherries and peaches. 
The treatment to all will be the same: they must be 
thinned to the distance of fifteen or twenty inches from 
each other, kept perfectly free from weeds, and, if 
the weather be hot and dry, occasionally watered. 
They require only a repetition of this process, with 
the addition of a little careful pruning, till they have 
attained the height of seven or eight feet, when they 
are fit for grafting. It is generally known, that by 
this operation we continue any given species of fruit 
—but a fact with which the public is less acquaint 
ed is, that if the graft be also grafted, the product is 
improved both in quantity and quality; and it is to 
be presumed, will continue to improve under every 
new and similar operation. Grafts, to be well cho- 
sen, should be taken from wood of the present year, 
from young and healthy races and accommodated 
to the future use of the fruit. If, for instance, your 
object be cider-making, you will take your grafts 
from the Crab or the Redstreak; and if for barrel- 
ling, from the Pippin, the Spitzenberg, the Greening 
