( 142 j 
or the Swaur. As we but speak of grafting inciden- 
tally, it will not be expected that we should go into 
a dissertation upon that art, nor to elucidate the ma-~ 
ny divisions and subdivisions, which technical men 
have made of it.(1) It is enough for us to say, that 
of all these different modes, the scton and the slit is 
the simplist and the best. When your grafts have 
acquired some inches in length, it may be well to rub 
off all the buds which have pushed delon them on the 
stem, and perhapsa few of those which have appeared 
above them,(2) and if the grafts themselves put out any 
lateral shoots, spare them till the succeeding year, 
when you are called to re-graft such as have failed, 
and to furnish props to those which are spelt or 
crooked, or ill-directed. 
Planting is the next operation in the process; but 
as some Sroliinaty measures, on which its success 
will much depend, are yet unnoticed, we will be- 
gin with these ; and, 
Ist. Of the soil chosen for your intended orchard. 
It is generally admitted, that fruit-trees do well in a 
warm, friable, moist and deep soil; that they suc- 
ceed but indifferently in one that is cold and stiff; 
and that they altogether fail in one either very dry 
or very wet; but a fact less known,: though not less 
established is, that the sub-soil has a powerful influ- 
(1) The two grand divisions are by approach and by scion. Their varieties and 
sub-varieties, nearly a hundred, are known by the names of ancients and moderns—as 
Varro, Virgil, Columella, Malherbes, Duhamel, Bosc. Michaux, &c, &c. 
(2) Many grafts are annually lost, by removing the upper buds, shoots and limbs. 
It throws too much nourishment into the graft, which dies of repletion. Having omit- 
ted in the text to say any thing of the different stems employed in:grafting, we here re- 
mark, what all amateurs in fruit-trees ought to know, that scions, whether of apple or 
pear trees, grafted on quince stocks, give fairer fruit and much sooner, than if grafted, 
on apple or pear stocks—but the trees are short lived, 
