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XII. TUBIN ARES. External nostrils are produced into tubes. 

 Anterior toes are fully webbed ; hallux small or absent. 

 Palate schizognathous. Nasals holorhinal. ... ... 91 



XIII. PL AT ALE /ft. Ibis and Spoonbill. Posterior angle of man- 

 dible recurved. Edge of cranium above the orbits truncate, 

 indicating the position of the nasal glands ... ... 96 



XIV. HERO DIONES. Heron-like Birds. Hallux free, not united 

 to the other toes by a web. Nasals holorhinal. Palate 

 desmognathous ... ... ... ... ... 97 



XV. STEGANOPODES. Hallux united to the other toes by a web. 



Nasals holorhinal. Palate desmognathous .. ... 101 



XVI. PYGOPODES. Grebes in Australia. Wing feathers de- 

 veloped into remiges. Cnemial process of tibia produced 

 forwards in a remarkable degree. Palate schizognathous ... 104 



X VII. -IMPENNES. Penguins. Bill never hooked. Nostrils 



pervious, holorhinal. Palate schizognathous ... ... 104 



XVIII. CHENOMOBPHyE. Swans, Geese, and Ducks. Palate 

 desmognathous. Young covered with down, and able to run 

 or swim in a few hours after hatching ... ... ... 105 



XIX. CASUARII. Emu-like Birds. Hallux absent ; middle 

 phalanges shortened. Maxillo-palatines large, fused with 

 vomer and premaxilla ... ... ... ... . 109 



