ETHNOLOGY. 



FRAGMENTARY NOTES OX THE ESKIMO OF CUMBERLAND SOUND. 



BY LUDWIG KUMLIEX. 



The Cumberland Straits, Sound, Gulf, or Inlet, extends from about 

 lat. 65 X. to lat. 67 + X. It is the Cumberland Straits of Baffin, its 

 original discoverer at the end of the sixteenth century; the Hogarth 

 Sound of Captain Penny, who rediscovered it in 1839 ; and the North- 

 umberland Inlet of Captain Wareham in 1841. 



During the last quarter century it has often been visited by Scotch 

 and American whalemen, ships frequently wintering on the southwest- 

 ern shores. 



It is at present unknown if it be a sound or gulf; it is generally con- 

 sidered as a gulf, but some Eskimo say that the Kingwah Fjord, one of 

 the arms extending to the XE., opens into a large expanse of water, 

 to them unknown. Icebergs are also sometimes found in this fjord that, 

 from their positions, seem to have come from the northward, and not 

 from the south. 



The eastern shore of this sound forms the western boundary of that 

 portion of Cumberland Island which lies between its waters and Davis 

 Straits, and known as the Penny Peninsula. 



In about lat. 6G X. the Kingnite Fjord extends from the sound in an 

 EXE. direction", and nearly joins Exeter Sound from Davis Straits; 

 they are separated only by a portage of a few miles. The Cumberland 

 Eskimo make frequent excursions to the eastern shore via these fjords, 

 but seem to have extended their migrations but a short distance north- 

 ward, finding Cumberland Sound more to their tastes. 



The width of Cumberland Sound opposite Xiantilic is about thirty 

 miles, possibly its widest part. It is indented by numerous and large 

 fjords, few, if any, of them having been explored; many islands are scat- 

 tered along both shores, and in some instances form quite considerable 

 groups. 



The present Eskimo are few in numbers. We would estimate the 



entire population, men, women, and children, on both sides of the sound, 



11 



