BIRDS. 75 



out of range. At the time I pronounced it undoubtedly the female 

 of Pijrrliula europea, which it resembled very much indeed, but now I 

 incline to the belief that it was more likely the male of Pyrrhula cassinii, 

 and that the female was sitting. I made a life-size drawing of it, and 

 showed it to all the Eskimo in the vicinity. None could recognize it ; 

 but some said they had seen such a bird at Lake Kennedy, but that they 

 were u tumuiumik abertook," all red. This may have been Pinicola enu- 

 cleator, Carpodacus purpureus, or Pyrrhula europea, as I doubt not but 

 the last species would be called u all red" by an Eskimo. The red part 

 would certainly make the most lasting impression on his mind. I tried 

 for some hours to procure this bird, but at last it flew over a ravine that 

 I could not cross. I never got an opportunity to revisit the locality, 

 and this interesting discovery had to be left unsettled. The bird was 

 apparently slate-colored on the breast, the upper and lower tail-coverts 

 conspicuously white, the top of head and throat much darker than the 

 back. The flight was undulating. It kept whistling almost constantly, 

 which led me to think it was a male bird. 



9. Carpodacus purpureus, (Gm.) Gray. 



During a dense fog, September 1, 1877, off Eesolution Island, north 

 of Hudson's Straits, one of these birds was caught on board the Flor- 

 ence. The Eskimo describe a bird about the size of the purple finch 

 that occurs in the interior, and is "all red." Such information is, how- 

 ever, in no manner reliable, as " abertook" may be any color from umber 

 to vermilion, and " all," especially when it comes to red, may be but a 

 small part of the plumage. 



10. Loxia leucoptera, (Wils.)- 



Caught on board the schooner in a fog off Bonne Bay, Newfoundland, 

 August 15, 1877. Very common in the low pines at the head of Con- 

 ception Bay, Newfoundland, October, 1878. 



11. .ffigiothus linaria, (L.) Cab. 



"Anarak," Cumberland Eskimo. " Orpingmatook," Greenlanders. 



Arrive in Cumberland as soon as the snow begins to disappear from 

 the mountain sides. I found them about Mantilic and the Kikkerton 

 Islands in September and October, but very few at our winter harbor. 

 They are now common from. Nugurueute to Hudson's Straits, and inland 

 toward Lake Kennedy. Wherever there is a valley with any consider- 

 able vegetation, especially low willows, they are almost sure to be found. 

 Observed abundantly on Disko Island, Greenland, where I found half- 



