MOLLUSCOIDS. 149 



CJellaria articuiata Smitt, ex Fabric-ins.- 

 tialicornaria borealis BUSK. 



Cellaria borealis SMITT, Ofversigt af Kongl. Vet.-Akad. Fort. 1867, p. 361, tab. 

 xx, fig. 17, 1867. 



On Halocyntliia rustica, attached to roots of Laminaria. 



Head of Cumberland Gulf, May 19, 1878, lot 592. Some of the 

 specimens are very young, with only a single clavate joint ; others are 

 nearly two inches high, and beginning to branch. 



Membranipora Sophiae Busk. 



With the last (lot 592). Also from Annanactook Harbor, May 19, 

 1878, on roots of Laminaria, 1 fathoms. 



Escharina ansata (Jolinst.) Gray. 



Mollia vulgaris, forma ansata SMITT, Oversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akad. Forli. 

 1867, p. 14, tab. xxv, f. 78-83, 1867. 



Several specimens occurred on the roots of Laminaria, 7 fathoms, An- 

 nanactook Harbor, May 19, 1878 (lot 597). Some agree with the va'r. 

 ansata, Smitt (Lepralia ansata Johnst.), but in most cases there are well- 

 developed calcareous papillae near the sides of the apertures as in the 

 var. papillata. 



I adopt the generic name Escliarina given by Milne Edwards to a 

 group, including the present species, in 1835 (in Lamarck, An. sans 

 Vert., ed. 2, vol. ii, pp. 218, 230), and for which he cited as the type E. 

 vulgaris (Moll.). Dr. Gray (List Brit. Animals in British Museum, p. 

 124, 1848) also restricted the name to the same and closely allied spe- 

 cies. Dr. Smitt, however, united this group with Hippotlioa, which 

 seems to be a sufficienty distinct genus. 



The restricted genus Escliarina, as I limit it, is characterized by the 

 well-marked median sinus of the apertures of the zoaecia, together with 

 the lateral avicularia, usually developed near one or both sides of the 

 apertures. The mode of growth is usually Lepralia-like, but may also 

 be Escharine. It is therefore equivalent, or nearly so, to the genus 

 Scliizoporella, recently proposed by Hincks for the same typical species. 



The genus Escharoides, proposed by Edwards in the same work, has 

 also been incorrectly used by some writers,- for' although Gray re- 

 stricted it, in 1848, to one of the original species, E. coccinea (Abildg.), 

 thus making it equivalent, in part, to Discopora Smith, the last-named 

 writer has applied it to a group, typified by E. rosacea, not included by 

 Edwards. As the name should be restored, in accordance with Gray's 

 limitation, I have proposed else* where the name Escliaropsis, as a substi- 

 tute for Escharoides of Smitt, including two Northern Atlantic species 



