1221 



In the first group are associated Meretrix chione, lusoria, morphina, macu- 

 lata, erycina, and lilacina of authors. In the second group, smooth section, we 

 find Venus islandica (Cyprina) ; V . tumens Gmelin (Pitaria) ; V. mercenaria 

 L. ; V. opima Gmelin (Tapes) ; four varieties of V. castrensis Gmelin (Circe), 

 treated as species ; V. chione L. (Meretrix) ; Venus tripla and corbicula 

 Gmelin (Tivela). 



In the sulcate section of the second group are to be found Venus dione L. ; 

 V. circinata (Meretrix) ; V. striata Chemnitz, V. paphia, gallina, dysera, pli- 

 cata, marica, and donacina Gmelin ; V. rostrata Chemnitz (Anomalocardia) ; 

 and V. fiuminea Bolten (Galatea) = hermaphrodita Gmelin. 



In the same year Cuvier, in the " Tableau Elementaire de 1'histoire natu- 

 relle," simply accepts the nomenclature of Bruguiere, which brings us to the 

 epoch-making " Prodrome" of Lamarck in 1799.* Lamarck systematically 

 utilizes for the first time the valuable characters furnished by the hinge of 

 bivalves as well as the anatomical data of Cuvier, but in the Veneridce this 

 paper merely selects a type, V. mercenaria, from among the forms grouped 

 under the name of Venus by Bolten, segregates Meretrix as previously indi- 

 * cated by Scopoli, and uses the names Pectunculus and Paphia in a sense dif- 

 ferent from that in which either was originally proposed. In his " Systeme 

 des Animaux sans Vertebres" two years later he discriminates the genus Petri- 

 cola which had been included by Linne in the genus Venus. It may be noted 

 here that the name Galatea for Venus paradoxa Born, which appeared in 1797 

 on plate ccl. of the " Encyclopedic Methodique," is preceded by the use of the 

 same name for a crustacean by Fabricius in 1793; the substitute Potamophila 

 Sowerby, 1822, is preoccupied by Latreille for Crustacea in 1817, and the 

 genus will have to take the name of Egeria Roissy, 1805. Link in 1807, follow- 

 ing Adanson, segregated Sunetta and Tivela, but left the mass of species under 

 Venus. 



* As a matter of principle I have omitted consideration of works in which the Linnean 

 binomial nomenclature was not consistently adopted and the names in which (until 

 adopted by some binomial author from whom alone they will take date) have merely 

 an historic interest. Such are the works of Klein, Da Costa's "Elements," Meuschen, 

 Poli, and Dumeril, as well as the worthy but pre-Linnean Adanson. Among the names 

 sometimes found in the literature and cited from these works are Pectunculus Da Costa; 

 Chamce formes and Chamce, Meuschen; Callista and Arthemis, Poli, 1791, with their 

 complements, Callistoderma and Arthemiderma, Poli, 1795; and Venusarius Dumeril. 



