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TERTIARY FAUNA OF FLORIDA 



shores, the changes in ocean currents which made the water warmer and invited 

 the return of the subtropical fauna, banished at the end of the Oak Grove epoch, 

 extended at least as far north as North Carolina. To this change I ascribe part 

 of the new aspect of the Duplin fauna, which would thus be due to the com- 

 bination of two factors. From this state of affairs we gather an explanation 

 of the curious fact that the Duplin fauna is to some extent more like the Oak 

 Grove fauna than the latter is to the Alum Bluff Miocene. Thus only about 

 one per cent, of the Oak Grove species are found in the Alum Bluff Miocene, 

 while the Duplin beds contain three per cent, of species identical with Oak 

 Grove forms. 



Thirty-nine per cent, of the species of the Alum Bluff Miocene also occur in 

 the Duplin beds, but thirty-one per cent, of the whole Duplin fauna is peculiar 

 to that region and gives a distinctive character to it. The total number of 

 species is three hundred and thirty-one, which is, theoretically, about ninety- 

 four per cent, of the number of species which might normally be expected there. 



LIST OF UPPER MIOCENE SPECIES FROM NORTH CAROLINA. 

 This list contains those believed to be of the Duplin horizon; a few of which the 

 exact location in the North Carolina Miocene is not known are preceded by a dagger. 

 Those preceded by an asterisk are supposed to survive to the recent fauna. Those species 

 authentically collected at the Duplin well or the adjacent village of Magnolia by Burns 

 are followed by a D ; those from Wilmington, North Carolina, by a W ; from Cape Fear 

 River by F. Names omitted which appear in the literature are either present here in a 

 corrected form or do not belong to the fauna, as far as positively known. 



*Tornatina canaliculata Say, D. tPleurotoma communis Conrad. 



Tornatina myrmecoon Dall, D. fDrillia virginiana Conrad. 



Retusa (Cylichnina) duplinensis Dall, D. fDrillia elegans Emmons. 



Retusa (Cylichnina) microtrema Dall, D. fDrillia flexuosa Emmons. 



Terebra unilineata Conrad, D. Glyphostoma Johnsoni Dall, F. 



Terebra (Oxymeris) carolinensis Conrad, Cancellaria Conradiana Dall var. rotunda, 



D. D. 



fTerebra (Oxymeris) Emmonsi Dall. fCancellaria lunata Conrad. 



Terebra (Oxymeris) indenta Conrad, D. fCancellaria perspectiva Conrad. 



Terebra (Oxymeris) protexta Conrad, D. Cancellaria (Trigonostoma) carolinensis 

 *Terebra (Oxymeris) dislocata Say, D. Emmons, F. 



Conus adversarius Conrad, D. *Oliva litterata Lamarck, D. 



Conus marylandicus Green, D. fOliva idonea Conrad. 



Pleurotoma (Cymatosyrinx) lunata Lea, *Olivella mutica Say, D. 



F. Olivella ancillariaeformis Lea, F. 



