(MADDER FAMILY.) 65 



long leaves, mostly entire; and 2-bracteoLv* flowers in axillary and terminal clusters; 

 rarely solitary. 



1. S. racemosus, Mich. Erect, smooth; corolla very villous within. 



2. S. niollis, Nutt. Low, diffuse or decumbent, softly pubescent; leaves small; 

 Corolla slightly villous. 



2. LONICERA, L. HONEYSUCKLE. 



Corolla tubular, the tube commonly gibbous at the base and irregularly lobed. Stamens 

 5 inserted on the tube of the corolla. Style filiform; stigma capitate. 



1. L. hispidula, Dougl. Stems disposed to twine; leaves mostly oval, the lower 

 short petioled, the upper pairs commonly connate; foliaceous stipule-like appendages 

 between the leaves common; flowers sessile in a terminal head, pink or yellowish; berries 

 red or orange. Variable. 



2. L. iavolucrata, Banks. An erect shrub, 4 to 10 ft. high; leaves ovate-oblong 

 to broadly lanceolate, short-petioled ; flowers a pair on axillary peduncles; below them a 

 conspicuous involucre of 4 bracts, tinged with red or yellow; berries purple-black. 



ORDER 29. RUBIACEJE. 



Known by having opposite entire leaves with intervening stipules, or whorled leaves 

 without stipules, along with an inferior ovary and regular 4-5-merous flowers; the teeth 

 of the calyx sometimes wanting. Stamens alternate with the lobes of the corolla and 

 borne on its tube, distinct. 



1. CEPHALANTHUS, L. BUTTON-BUSH. 



Flowers in a dense spherical head. Calyx inversely pyramidal, 4-5-toothed. Corolla 

 with a long, slender tube and a small 4-cleft limb. Stamens 4, borne on the throat of the 

 corolla, short. Style very long and slender. Shrub with opposite leaves and stipules, 

 or in whorls of 3 or 4. Peduncles axillary; flowers white. 



1. C. occidentalis, L. Leaves ovate or lanceolate, 3 to 5 inches long; flower heads 

 an inch in diameter. 



2. GALXUM, L. CLEAVERS. 



Limb of the calyx obsolete. Corolla rotate, 4-parted, rarely 3-parted. Styles 2. 

 Ovary 2-lobed. Frait twin, biglobular. Herbs, sometimes woody at the base, with 

 square stems, whorled leaves and minute flowers. 



Leaves in fours, hispid, ovate G. Californicum. 1 



Leaves in fours and pairs, smooth G. Nuttallii. 2 



Leaves mostly in whorls of eight G. Aparino, 3 



