INTRODUCTION. 7 



And now to begin with the lowest forms of vegetation 

 let us investigate the Mora of the Polar Zone. We shall 

 only have to attend to the northern one, as all the land 

 which lies within this limit in the southern polar regions is 

 entirely devoid of vegetation. Yictoria Land, stretching 

 from 70 to 79 south latitude, was discovered and explored 

 by Sir James Boss, in 1841, and is the nearest point to the 

 South Pole which has been reached. 



