66 TEANSACTIONS. 



12 barrels wind-falls, at 60 cents, . 

 20 bushels cider apples, at 10 cents, 



EXPENSES. 



Manure, including guano, $93, say one-half spent 

 this year, ...... 



Labor by self, 8 months, at $30, ... 

 Labor by son 12 years of ago, 6 months, at $10, 

 Use of horse, wagons,, and tools, 



Profit, including interest and taxes, . . ^474 20 



Hadley, Oct. 31, 1854. 



STATEMENT OF R. WALES SMITH. 



The farm, which I enter for premium, is in Hadley and contains 

 eighty-five acres. It is divided as follows : thirty-nine acres of pas- 

 ture, twenty acres of mowing, ten acres of tillage, and sixteen acres 

 of woodland. I have, within five years last past, reclaimed twenty 

 acres, which were formerly overrun with bushes and stumps, which 

 cost me at the outset ten dollars an acre. This lot is now under a 

 high state of cultivation, and is worth fifty dollars per acre. This 

 improvement was accomplished, without any outlay of money, and 

 principally by my own labor. I have practiced deep plowing, usually 

 from seven to ten inches. Ten acres of the soil is a yellow loam un- 

 derlaid with hard gravel, and the remainder is a clay soil. 



During nine or ten years past, 1 have composted manure, and find 

 it equal to yard manure, and better for corn. I usually make fifty 

 loads of compost. I draw twenty-five loads of muck to my corn-field 

 in the fall. About the first of April following, I draw out to this 

 muck -heap twenty loads of barnyard manure. I add five hundred 

 pounds of plaster and fifty bushels of oyster-shell lime. As soon as 

 the ii-ost is out of the ground, I mix these ingredients. When the 

 compost heap begins to warm, I pitch it over to prevent burning. 

 The manure will be well rotted and fermented and fit for use by the 

 time it is wanted for planting. I have never failed of a good corn 

 crop with this manure. I comjjost all my manure and usually make 

 from two hundred and fifty to three hundred and fifty loads annually. 



I till about fifty acres in nine years, breaking up five acres of sward 

 land each year. My system of rotation is, first a corn crop, then, 

 oats, and lastly, grass. I raise enough potatoes for my own use, and 

 very little rye. 



My farm is usually stocked with twenty head of cattle in the win- 

 ter, of which about one-third are fattened and sold in the spring. 



My hay and grain are fed out to cattle on the place ; but my dairy 



