28 



THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 



Jan. 10, 



Bees in Other CliiiiOH and Oilier 

 DajK. 



Address for the Illinois State Convention. 

 BY TUOMAS (i. NKWMAN. 



To thoso wlio attend Conventions, as 

 well as otlior devotoes of this intercstiiif; 

 pursuit, Hoes and J'.i'c-Ki'eping ai'c all- 

 imijoi'tant theiues, no matter what pliase 

 is pi'esented. 



The management of these busy little 

 insects "for pleasure and pi'ofit," will no 

 doubt receive a tliorough investigation 

 and discussion, by those who ai'e I'ortii- 

 iiate enough to be present : but as that 

 pleasure Is denied me. I will offer a few 

 remarks upon the theme assfgued to ine, 

 feeling assured that they will i)rove 

 interesting, not only to those at the 

 Convention, but to th(^ thousands who 

 may read the report of the proceedings 

 of the Association. 



If 1 commence by stating that bees 

 have been domesticated for thousainls of 

 years, it would be iiiteri'sting to many, 

 but I sliall go farther back than tiiat, 

 for this useful insect can be traced into 

 pre-historic time.s — into the remote eras 

 of the Earth's development — even before 

 the elevation of the Alps in Europe. For 

 remains of fossil organisms there found, 

 demonstrate that before tliose gigantic 

 mountains were lifted heavenward, thei-e 

 existed a sub-tropical climate with a 

 temperature of 60 to 70 degrees, where 

 now the eternally snow-eai)ped mountains 

 of Switzerland are found. There, away 

 in the upper miocene — the middle division 

 of tlie tertiary strata — have been found 

 the petrified remains of apis melitica 

 (our domestic honey-bees) as well as 

 honey-pi'oducing flowei'S, and some bee- 

 enemies, or bee-killers, as they are often 

 called. 



In the "fifth day" of the great Creative 

 period, it is said that insects were created 

 to "fly above the earth." Each "day"' (or 

 Ci'eative period) was in all probability a 

 tliousand years, and the honey-bees 

 were, therefore, created at least a 

 thousand years before the advent of the 

 human race upon this jilanet ! To find 

 them gathering the nectar from the 

 flowers in Central Europe, long befoi-e 

 the elevation of the Alps, or the creation 

 of man, is not strange, though that fact 

 was unknown until this late day. 



Again, at the dawning of history, the 

 hom^y-bee is mentioned and extolled. 

 Palestine, 4,000 yeai's ago, was said to 

 be "a land flowing with milk and honey.'" 

 In the mythology of the Greeks and 

 Romans, the bee occupied a distinguished 

 place. In the luythic traditions of the 

 "Saga" period, among the Norsemen, 

 the legends are full of them. 



The Greeks and Romans prepai'ed for 

 thiMU liabitations, and dedicated them to 

 tlieir gods, or the decendants of their 

 fancied deities. 



At Thebes, an ancient city desti'oyed 

 by Achilles in the Trojan war, thei"e was 

 (oiind a bee-hive beautifully carved on a 

 tomb. 



In the Koran, tlie Sacred book of tlie 

 Hedouins, by their pi'ophet Mahomet, it 

 is recorded that honey was a favorite 

 article both for food and mcdi<'ine. 

 Curiously enough, Mahomet avers that 

 the only creature the Loi'd evcu'addrctssed 

 was th(^ busy honey-bee, viz: "The Lord 

 spake by inspiration to the bee, saying: 

 Provide thee houses in the mountains 

 and in the trees, and of those materials 

 whei-ewith men build hives for thee." 

 These hives, as shown by' all the 



ancient relicts, were made of cylinders 

 of clay, such as ar(> in general use to-day 

 in all the oriental countries. 



In early history bees ai'c meniioned 

 as located on the Coasts and Islands of 

 the Mediterranean and IJlack Seas, and 

 in tlie intei'ior of the ('(Uitinents of Asia, 

 Africa and Eiu-ope. They are said to bo 

 iudigenoiis ill Syria, (Jrcece, Italy, Egypt, 

 Sicily, ti(>rmaiiy and Ci;iul. 



The earliest mentliui of honey as an 

 article of coinmcrce is, that tlie Jews 

 were engaged in trading it at Tyre, that 

 old and honoi'ed mart of trade, in 

 Phtenicia. — Ezek. xxvii. 17. 



Not until the s<'vcnth thousand years 

 after the ci-eation of the honey-bees, did 

 man commence to scientifically manage 

 them. It reciuii'cd patient study and 

 close observation to accomplish anything 

 in that direction. 



We are vastly indebted to many master 

 minds in Europe f(U- the patient study of 

 their habits, and to the inventive genius 

 of Father Langstroth, in our own 

 country, for the production of a hive 

 suitable for practical and .successful 

 management, which has revolntionized 

 former practice and methods the world 

 over, and made hoiiey-produi/tion a 

 science. All honor to that "grand old 

 man" — the father of American api- 

 culture. 



Chicago, 111., Nov. 10, 1804. 



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68 



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