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crop of wheat. But in this country grass is the usual succes- 

 sor to our grain crops. And we know of no rotation of crops 

 into which turnips can be introduced — unless it be as a first 

 crop after ploughing the grass land late in the spring. In this 

 way turnips can be raised without that exhaustion of the soil of 

 which we have spoken. And land, thus treated, will produce 

 a good corn crop the following season, besides being in excel- 

 lent condition to cultivate. We should not advise the cultiva- 

 tion of turnips on land which is to be seeded down to grass as 

 the next step in the rotation. Grass does not set well, and it 

 is a long time before a luxuriant and compact sward is pro- 

 duced after such a process. A piece of worn out grass land, 

 then, may be very profitably used' for turnips the year it is 

 broken up. It may then be used for other root crops if desir- 

 ed, or for corn which is by far the best crop known among us, 

 to precede the laying down of lands to grass, with some small 

 grains. In preparing land for turnips ; as we have suggested, 

 it should not be ploughed until after the middle of June, and 

 the seed should be sown as soon after as possible — say about 

 the 20th of that month. 



There are two modes of applying manure to the land for 

 turnips, in the choice of which we should be governed by the 

 soil Where the land is very light, and does not admit of deep 

 ploughing, green barnyard manure may be spread upon the 

 sward before ploughing, and turned under. In this case the 

 icrmentation of the manure will take place with great rapidity 

 during the hot summer months — the sod which lies above it not 

 being firm and close enough to exclude the air, which is indis- 

 pensible to the process of decomposition. As the season ad- 

 vances the rootlets will find, as they penetrate the light warm 

 sod, an abundance of nourishment beneath. On heavier lands, 

 however, a different process seems to be necessary. These 

 should be ploughed at the time recommended, to such a 

 depth as to give a good supply of loose soil for the seed-bed. 

 The manure applied to them should be avcII decomposed — and 

 if composted with old muck, it will be an advantage. It is 



