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of its products by an unfettered domestic commerce, she has 

 ever striven to establish the firm safeguards of independence, 

 union and liberty. How wisely she strove, how unwisely 

 her counsels were neglected, let the witness be the mad re- 

 bellion that now rages ; which was nourished into being by 

 the hope of aid from foreign states, which seeks to destroy the 

 Union, and to found an empire based on slaverv, and which 

 began in the confident belief of its leaders that one single crop 

 raised on Southern plantations and not equal in value to the 

 loyal home-consumed hay crop of the North would, neverthe- 

 less, in consequence of its abnormal relation to foreign manu- 

 factures and the exchanges of Northern commerce, bring the 

 governments of the United States and Europe in submission to 

 their feet. In this belief, when they raised the flag of treason, 

 they arrogantly proclaimed cotton to be king. To-day, Mas- 

 sachusetts with the bayonet debates on bloody fields the cause 

 of independence, union and liberty. But it is the same cause 

 which on questions touching the national industry she debated 

 through the eloquence of a Webster and a Choate. And now, 

 when the policy of national disorganization that has ruled and 

 rioted in the land so many years has culminated in revolt, the 

 first resource of the nation with which it seeks to invigorate and 

 combine its abused and dissipated strength, is the encourage- 

 ment of the national industry. The prosecution of a gigantic 

 war upon the principles of a sound financial policy calls for 

 large annual revenues. Such a course is necessary to maintain 

 the national credit,' and in the case of an inconvertible cur- 

 rency, to prevent depreciation and the rise of prices. These 

 needed revenues the government derives in largest measure 

 from manufactures. The development of manufactures, such 

 as can be made to take root by a temporary adjustment of 

 tariff and excise, naturally becomes and has become a part 

 even of the revenue policy of the nation. Accordingly, the 

 country is sprouting with new growths of mechanical and 

 manufacturing industry. Let them cover the land. Let vil- 

 lages and towns, the centres of these imperial and liberalizing 



