arts, multiply and increase, to develop a progressive and 

 prosperous agriculture, to deepen the foundations and qTiicken 

 the life of society, to distribute the benefits of skilled labor 

 reinforced by an iron-armed machinery, and increased in pro- 

 ductiveness a hundred fold, to establish the union of the crop 

 of the farm and the labor of the neighboring factory, foundry, 

 or furnace in ultimate products, which shall become the staples 

 of a pervading domestic commerce at the lowest cost of mak- 

 ing exchanges ; such a commerce as has been recognized since 

 Adam Smith declared the principles of the wealth of nations, 

 as the most profitable to communities and states. So knit the 

 fibres and harden the sinews of the national strength. Science 

 has called attention to the general fact that the simple sub- 

 stances of which all material things are composed do not, 

 except in combinations with each other, enter into or influence 

 the organic growth of plants. So in the social economy, not 

 the isolation of the farmer or the manufacturer, but the union 

 of both gives the needful element of social organizalion. 



Let England strain every nerve to gain and hold possession 

 of the markets of mankind with her vast and world- embrac- 

 ing system of manufactures and commerce, and let her strive 

 with equal eflfort to feed from her garden patch the millions 

 whom she thus employs ; and so doing, let her teach the docile 

 nations to devote themselves exclusively to the culture of the 

 earth, and persuade whom she may. We will observe her 

 practice, and draw our precepts for ourselves ; and hail 



" The rise of empire and of arts." 



But it is not enough that mechanical and manufacturing in- 

 dustry supply the implements, the mai'kets, and the general 

 conditions necessary to a self-sustaining and improving agri- 

 culture. The true principles of such an agriculture must be 

 investigated, inculcated and difl^used. This necessity has been 

 most emphatically recognized in the liberal grants of land 

 Congress has made for the establishment of agricultural col- 

 4 



