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farms, in the whole system of agriculture ! Easier and 

 easier runs the gliding plough, the earth is more finely 

 pulverized, and deeper and deeper is tilled the cold hard 

 subsoil, astonished to feel the warmth and see the new 

 light of day. The cultivator drives the old hand-hoe 

 from the great fields ; quickly the improved cultivator 

 succeeds ; and now the new horse-hoe outstrips them all, 

 and my good farmer in a neighboring State, assures me 

 that in his stony inountaln soil even, by planting corn, 

 potatoes, and other hoed crops in rows each way, he can 

 by the horse-hoe clean it, and keep it clean of weeds ; 

 and that, in this way, one man can do, and with greater 

 ease, the work of several men ; and so the old toiling with 

 the hand-hoe, in the broiling sun of the torrid midsummer, 

 grows oat of date. And then comes the great reaping 

 machines, giving a new glory to the American name 

 abroad ; and the grand threshing machines. And swift 

 falls the affrighted grass, as the mighty mower of wood 

 and iron, with steeds and driver, rolls magnificently over 

 the hay fields. And still the laborers' wages rise buoyant 

 and upward ; still there is work, and still there is room. 

 Let no mistaken economy withhold the saving farmer from 

 displacing with deep tillers that give him a continually 

 new and unspent soil, the miserable, old-fashioned, worn- 

 out plough, that scratched of yore the impoverished sur- 

 face of his thin exhausted acres, or from adopting any 

 new invention that has been proved to save the farmer's 

 time and labor. For by saving time and labor, he not 

 only saves his money, but more and better than his 

 money, he saves himself. 



Besides the requisites of labor and earnest love of his 

 calling. Science is a third essential to the true farmer, 

 although of Scientific Agriculture we are free to confess 

 there is as yet next to none among us. England itself, 

 though a century before us, has vast tracts of moors and 



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