22 ENGLISH MEN OF SCIENCE. [CHAP. 



classes on eleven occcasions, so that the total 

 entries are raised to 107 : 



Noblemen and private gentlemen ... ... 9 



Army and navy, 6 ; civil service, 9 ; subordi- 

 nate officers, 3 ... ... ... ... 18 



Law, 1 1 ; medical, 9 ; clergy and ministers, 6 ; 

 teachers, 6 ; architect, 1 ; secretary to an 



insurance office, 1 34 



> Bankers, 7 ; merchants, 21 ; manufacturers, 15 43 



Farmers 2 



Others . . 1 



107 



The terms used in the third and fourth groups 

 must be understood in a very general sense ; 

 thus, there are some " merchants " on a very 

 small scale indeed, and others on a very large 

 one. 



It is by no means the case that those who 

 have raised themselves by their abilities are 

 found to be abler than their contemporaries who 

 began their careers with advantages of fortune 

 and social position. They are not more distin- 

 guished as original investigators, neither are 

 they more discerning in those numerous ques- 

 tions, not strictly scientific, which happen to 



