10 CARNIVOROUS QUADRUPEDS. 



No. VIII. 



NEITHER is there any expression of ferocity, but of home comfort, in these two maneless 

 Lions or LION and LIONESS of SENEGAL. That which is asleep, however, rather illustrates our 

 definition of Character, and is so far out of the question. The Lioness who is awake, is a kind 

 of Belle-Sauvage. Entirely without ferocity, she has some little expression of attention gently 

 aroused by some slight cause less important, we should think than the distant cry of a Chacal 

 a noise in the den, perhaps, not loud enough to make it worth while to wake her companion in 

 order to see what's the matter. But her expression of countenance, is almost as mild as that of 

 a kitten in a chimney corner. In fact, they seem notwithstanding their Herculean strength 

 a kind of hearth-rug Lions.* 



After venturing to express this slight difference of opinion (if it amount to so much) with 

 our distinguished anatomist of Expression, we return, with becoming respect, to his valuable 

 Treatise : though as we do not propose to exhibit, like him, an anatomical and comparative view 

 of the Carnivorous and Gramnivorous genera, we shall confine ourselves to a short extract or two, 

 relating to the Carnivora alone 



" It is of man alone that we can with strict propriety say the countenance is an index of the 

 mind, having expression corresponding with each emotion of the soul. Other animals have no 

 expression but that which arises by mere accident, the concomitant of the emotions necessary to 

 the accomplishment of the object of the passions." 



" I have to remark, as relative to painting, (my original subject of enquiry) that this remark- 

 able difference between the expression in man, and animals, naturally leads us to investigate what 

 are the peculiarities of mere animal expression. 



" In order to see distinctly what the peculiarities of mere animal expression are, it seems 

 proper to reduce the muscles of expression in animals, to their proper classes. These muscles, as 

 they appear in the several quadrupeds, may be distinguished into 1. Those which raise the 

 lips from the teeth : 2. Those which surround the eye-lids : and 3. Those which move the 

 nostrils." 



He next proceeds to state that " in the Carnivorous animal, the muscles of the lip are so 

 directed as to raise the lip from the canine teeth j" and these he distinguishes by the name of 

 " Hingentes, or snarling muscles." 



The snarling muscles take their origin from the margin of the orbit of the eye, and from 

 the upper jaw, and are inserted into that part of the upper lip from which the whiskers grow, and 

 which is opposite to the canine teeth and although they are assisted in this oifice by other 



* This was written before the beautiful hearth-rug Lion introduced to us by Mr. Crosse of Leeds, and which is equal to 

 the finest painting. 



