406 



AUTUMN AND WINTER 



Dragon-flies, 2, 137. 



Drupe, definition of term, 1 19. 



Duck, wild, as winter visitors, 



179 et seq. 

 Dunlins, 72, 176, 333, 361. 



EAST COAST, winter on, 352. 

 'Ecle,'or green woodpecker, 



385- . 



Eels, migration of, 394. 

 Elder-berries, 114, 115. 

 Elephant hawk caterpillars, 



65- 



Elk, the Irish, 207. 

 Elms, autumn colouring of, 96, 



98, 99, 198 ; flowers of, 363; 



winter forms of, 237. 

 English counties, the varied 



character of, 310. 

 Equinoctial storms, 149. 

 Ermine, winter dress of, 281, 



285 ; hare hunted by, 260. 

 Erne, the, 389. 

 Euston system of partridge 



hatching, 27. 



Evergreens in winter, 264-278. 

 Exmoor stags, 202, 203. 



FABRE, M., 143. 

 Faery rings, 163, 165. 

 Fallow deer, 201, 204. 

 February, calendar of, 363. 

 Feeding of birds in winter, 



224 et seq. 



Fen country, frost in, 293. 

 Fieldfares, no, 169, 170, 320. 

 Field-mice, 299, 401. 

 Field-voles, 305, 306. 

 Finches, winter feeding of, 



324, 325- 



Firs in winter, 273. 

 Fishes, December spawning 



of, 216 ; migrations of, 392 ; 



self-burial by, 134, 135. 

 Flies, hibernation of, 129, 130. 

 Flocking of birds, the, 70. 

 Floods, autumn, 156. 

 Flounders, 393. 

 Flowers of autumn, 79; of 



winter, 365. 

 Flycatchers, 105, 337. 

 Fogs, 47. 

 Foliage in autumn, 93-103, 



195 et seq. 



Fox, the, 184, 187, 298, 306. 

 Fox-hounds, 190. 

 Fox-hunting, 167, 184, 188 et 



seq., 251. 



Fox moth caterpillar, 68. 

 French partridges, 25, 42. 

 Frogs, 134, 135, 305. 

 Frost, 213, 218, 289, 293, 295. 

 Fungi in autumn, 91, 160. 



GAME-BIRDS, night feeding of, 



307- 



Gamma moth, 61. 



Gannets, 180, 332. 



Geese, wild, 179, 307, 359, 

 361. 



Gentian, autumn, 82, 83. 



Geraniums, 42. 



Gladden, the, 122. 



Glow-worms in autumn, 197. 



Goat hawk moth, the grub of, 

 145. 



Godwit, black-tailed, the, 177. 



Goldcrests, 15, 137, 139, 178, 

 179. 



Golden eagle, 262. 



Golden-eyes in winter, 355, 

 361. 



Goldfinches, 74, 322, 325. 



Goosanders in winter on Nor- 

 folk Broads, 355, 357, 361. 



Gorse in winter, 80, 86, 91, 



373- 



Gossamer, 137. 

 Grass of Parnassus, 87. 

 Grebe in winter on Norfolk 



Broads, 355>.357- 

 Greenfinch, winter food of, 



325- 

 Grey plovers, winter feeding 



habits of, 333. 

 Grey wagtail in London, 341, 



342. 



Grouse, 23, 283. 

 Guelder-berries, 114, 195. 

 Guillemots, 181, 331, 332. 

 Gulls, 108, 162, 328-332, 337, 



354, 359- 



HARES, activity during winter 

 nights, 306 ; coursing of, 

 185, 251, 259; winter dress 

 of, 127, 282. 



Harebell, 82, 195. 



Harvest-mice, 299, 301. 



Harvest moon, the, 9. 



Hawfinches, 119, 322, 325. 



Hawk, beak of, 322, 323. 



Hawk moth caterpillars, 63. 



Hawkweed, 80 ; small copper 

 butterflies on, 197. 



Haws, H2, 117. 



Heather, 80, 124. 



Hedge-maple in winter, 242. 



Hedgehog, 133, 254, 299, 300. 



Hedgerows in autumn, 112. 



Hellebore, 367, 368, 369. 



Hemp agrimony, 80. 



Hemp nettle, 87, 88. 



Hens, stackyard mice as prey 

 of, 402. 



Hepatica, method of deposit- 

 ing seeds, 44. 



Herald moth, the, 62. 

 Herons in winter, 360. 

 Herring gull, the, 238, 330. 

 Hibernation of animals, 128. 

 Hickling, birds in winter at, 



361. 



Hips as food of birds, 320. 

 Hoar frost, 289. 

 Hollies in winter, 264. 

 Holly-berries as winter food, 



3!9- 

 Honeysuckle in winter, 19, 20, 



195, 214, 221, 374. 

 Hooded crows, 173, 330. 

 Hop dogs, 67. 

 Hopbine, bridge-building by, 



I, 142. 

 Hornbeam, the, 101, 103; 



seed of, 38, 39 ; winter form 



of, 239. 

 Horse-chestnut, the, 99, 249, 



250. 



Horse mackerel, 330. 

 House-martins in London, 



350. 

 Hummingbird hawk moth, 53, 



61. 

 Hunted beasts and their ways, 



251. 

 Hunting Days, 184. 



ICE, 291. 



Ichneumon flies, 68. 

 Indian Summer, the, 193. 

 Insects, 3, 307. 

 Ireland, salmon rivers of, 389 ; 

 westerly winds of, 312, 313, 



3H. 



Iris, stinking, 122. 

 Ivy, 9, 46, 129, 271-273. 



JACKDAWS, 71, 78, 79, 347. 

 January, calendar of, 287 ; 



south-west winds in, 309. 

 Juniper, the, 275. 



KERNER, on continental 



autumn, 94. 

 Kestrel, beak of, 323. 

 Kex, 20, 98, 101. 

 Kingfishers in London, 349. 

 Knee holly, 277. 

 Knots, 107, 333, 334. 



LADY'S-TRKSSES ORCHID, 85. 

 Lampreys, migration of, 393. 

 Lapland bunting, the, 334. 

 Lapwings, 182, 354. 

 Larks in winter, 327. 361. 

 Lichens in winter, 161, 217. 

 Lime hawk moth, 63. 

 Lime-tree, winter form of, 248, 



249. 

 Ling, 80, 124. 



