408 



AUTUMN AND WINTER 



September, calendar of, 9. 

 Sheldrakes in winter, 285, 332, 



36i. 



Shepherd's needle, 87. 

 Shooting stars, 167. 

 Shore lark, 334. 

 Shrews, 299, 302. 

 Silk, autumn production by 



insects, 139, 142. 

 Silkworm, 142, 145, 147. 

 Silkworm moths, breeding 



habits of, 146. 

 Silver-Y moth, 61. 

 Siskins, 170, 335. 

 Skua gull, the, 328. 

 Skylarks, 75, 178. 

 Sloeberries, 119, 120. 

 Smelt, migrations of, 292, 293. 

 Snail, hibernation of, 136. 

 Snipe, 176, 307, 316, 317, 



322, 324, 354, 359, 385. 

 Snow, 291, 361, 362. 

 Snow bird, the, 334. 

 Snow bunting, the, 283, 286, 



334- 

 Snowdrops in winter, 213, 221, 



365> 372. 

 Snowflake, garden and water, 



366. 

 Song-thrushes, 170, 171, 197, 



199, 347, 348. 



Spanish chestnut-tree in win- 

 ter, 248, 249, 250. 

 Sparrows, 279, 303, 323, 324, 



344, 348. 

 Speedwell, 373. 

 Spiders, 137, 140, 146, 147. 

 Spindle -tree, 96, 98, 101 ; 



berries of, 122. 



Spring flowers.colouring of,366. 

 Spruce firs, 273, 274, 275. 

 Spurge laurel, 369. 

 Squill, autumn, 85. 

 Squirrel, 33,35,118, 134,253. 

 Stackyard, population of the, 



396. 

 Starlings, 75, 76, 108, 200, 



229, 230, 279, 321, 327, 



344, 359- 

 Sticklebacks, 394. 

 Stinking Iris, fruit of, 122. 

 Stoats, 29, 30, 127, 254, 257, 



262, 281. 



Stonecrop, seeding of, 42. 

 Storks, migratory journeys of, 



1 06. 



Strut, the little, 107. 

 Succory, 89. 

 Sumach, 94, 95. 



Swallows, 105, 106, 350. 

 Swans, wild, 355, 359. 

 Swifts, 104, 350. 

 Sycamore, seeds of, 37, 38 ; 

 winter form of, 241. 



TEAL, 179, 307, 355. 



Teasel, 43. 



Terns, 26. 



Thaw and frost, 219. 



Thistledown, 36, 199. 



Threshing of corn by machine, 



397- 



Thrushes, 34, 108, in, 169, 

 170, 197, 199, 221, 295, 320, 

 347, 348. See also Missel- 

 thrushes and Song-thrushes. 



Tit, bearded, 356, 360 ; blue, 

 225,349,380; cole,228,329; 

 great, 117 ; long-tailed, 24. 



Tits, 75, in, 118, 227, 228, 

 245, 270, 349, 379- 



Toadflax, 44, 87, 88. 



Toads, hibernation of, 135. 



Toadstool, 1 60. 



Tortoiseshell butterfly, the 

 small, 53, 54, 58. 



Treecreeper, the, 227. 



Trees, forms in winter, 231- 

 250 ; migration of sap in, 

 98, 140. 



Trout, spawning of, 391, 392. 



Truffles, 91. 



Tufted duck, 180, 332, 350. 



Tulip-tree, the, 96. 



UMBER MOTHS, 63. 



VANESSA, the, 53. 

 Vapourer moth, 61. 

 Venus's comb, 87. 

 Vermin, 254, 282. 

 Voles, 299, 301, 302; plague, 

 177. 



WADERS, migrations of, 107. 

 Wagtails, 107, ill, 341, 342. 

 Walnut - tree, bark of, 237 ; 



winter form of, 233. 

 Wapiti, the, 202. 

 Warblers, in, 322. 

 Wasps, 15, 128, 129. 

 Water-fowl, 307, 350. 

 Weasel, 255, 282. 

 Weather system of England, 



ISO- 



West winds, the, 311. 

 Wet climate, effect on animals, 



3I5- 

 Wheat sowing in autumn, 14. 



Wheatears in London, 349. 

 1 Whimbrels, as winter birds of 



passage, 177. 

 I Whinberries, 123. 

 I Whins, seed dispersal of, 44. 

 Whitebeam-berry, 117, 118, 



119. 



Whitethroat, nest of, 12, 13. 

 Whortleberry, 123. 

 Wigeon, 170, 182, 188, 307, 



332, 353- 



Wild arum, the, 14. 

 Wild cats, 30. 

 Wild-fowl, as winter visitors, 



179, 354- 



Willow grouse, 283. 

 Willowherb, 36, 80. 

 Willows in winter, 244. 

 Winds of autumn, 149 ; of 



New Year, 309. 

 Winter, 213-220; flowers of, 



366 ; indications of spring 



in, 213, 221 ; life in nights 



of, 297 ; on Norfolk Broads, 



352 ; struggle with, 319. 

 Winterbournes, 158. 

 Winter dress of animals, 127, 



279. 



Winter moth, the, 308. 

 Wires as enemy of birds, 29. 

 Witches' brooms, 162, 242, 



248. 



Woodcock, in, 174, 307. 

 Woodcock owl, the, 177. 

 Woodlark, October song of, 



197. 

 Wood -mice, 117, 118, 298, 



300, 302. 

 Woodpecker, 216, 322, 324, 



384. 

 Wood-pigeons, 178, 337, 339, 



361. 

 Woody - nightshade berries, 



H3, "5- 

 Worms, 14, 156. 

 Wren, the, 322, 365, 377, 378. 

 Wryneck, as cuckoo's mate, 



177 ; feeding of, 229. 

 Wych-elm, 239, 240, 363. 



'YAFFLE' or green wood- 

 pecker, 384. 



Yarrow, 80. 



Yellowhammer, song of, 383. 



Yellow wagtail, 341. 



Yew, in winter, the, 268-271 ; 

 berries, 117, 271, 320, 321. 



ZOSTERA, 182, 353. 



Printed by T. and A. CONSTABLE, Printers to His Majesty 

 at the Edinburgh University Press 



