CALIFORNIA STATE COMMISSION OF HORTICULTURE. 



THE HEAD. 



In insects, as in the higher animals, the head includes most of the 

 sensory organs the eyes, the antennae, and the mouth parts, contain- 

 ing the organs of taste, and, in some species at least, the organs of smell 

 also. The different portions of the head are: The epicranium, which is 



mp 



FIG. 6. Skull of a grasshopper (Melanoplus differentiates), a, antenna ; 

 c, clypeus ; e, compound eye ; /, front ; g , gena ; I, labrum ; lp, labial 

 palpus; mp, maxillary palpus ; o, ocelli ; oc, occiput; pg, post-gena; 

 v, vertex. 



the upper or dorsal portion of the skull; the face, or front or frons 

 above which is the vertex or forehead. The clypeus is in the lower por- 

 tion of the face, and is the part to which the upper lip or labrum is 

 attached. The cheeks are known as gense, and in some species these 





fit!! m 



/ X 



FIG. 7. Ocelli and compound eyes oi a fly (Phormia regina). A, male; B, female. 



are double, and we have post-gense. On the under side of the head is 

 the gula, to which the lower lip or labium is attached. The external 

 top of the head, in contact with the prothorax, is the occiput. The 

 principal organs of the head are the eyes, the mouth, and the antennas. 



Eyes. In the perfect insect there is a pair of compound eyes. 

 These are usually very prominent and highly faceted. In some insects? 



