ENTOMOLOGY IN OUTLINE STRUCTURE OF INSECTS. 



19 



It is necessary that some knowledge should be had of the different 

 forms of antennae, as these are all classified, and are sometimes used in 

 the description of families. In the beetles, for instance, we have the 

 Clavicornia, club horns; Serricornia, saw horns; Lamellicornia,thin plate 

 horns, etc. So in order to 



describe the different -^^ "^ an 



forms of antennae, they 

 have been classified as 

 follows (see Fig. 16): 



Setaceous: Bristle-like. 



Filiform: Thread-like. 



Moniliform: Necklace- 

 like. 



Serrate: Saw-like. 



Pectinate: Comb-like. 



Clavate: Club-shaped. 



Capitate: Ending in a 

 head or knob. 



Lamellate: Plates. 



Geniculate: Jointed or 

 kneed. 



Besides these general 

 terms others are used in 

 describing the antennae; 

 as, plumose, or feathered; 

 and "irregular," which 

 includes many forms not 

 included in the above list. 



THE THORAX AND ITS 

 APPENDAGES. 



The foregoing will give FIG. IT. Ventral aspect of a carabid beetle (Galeriia Janus). 



the Student a general idea I, prosternum ; 2,proepisternum; 3, proepimeron ; 4, coxal 



. , , , , . . cavity: 5, inflexed side of pronotum; 6, mesosternum ; 



me head and its various 7, mesoepisternum; 8, mesoepimeron ; 9, mesasternum ; 



-Organs, the eyes the 10 ' antecoxal P iece ; n > metaepisternum; 12, metaepime- 



iU J .L-U ron ' 13> inflexed side of elytron ; a, sternum of an abdomi- 



niOUtri, and the antennae, nal segment; an, antenna; c, coxa; /, femur; lp, labial 



and we will nOW proceed P al P us ' M*. mandible; mp, maxillary palpus; t, tro- 



. , chanter; tb, tibia: ts, tarsus. 



to consider the next im- 

 portant division of the body, the thorax. This is composed of three 

 segments immediately back of the head. These segments are named 

 pro-, meso- and metathorax. The first, or the one connecting with the 

 head, being the prothorax, the middle section the mesothorax, and the 

 last, the one connecting with the abdomen, being the metathorax. 

 These segments appear to be solid rings, but really they are composed 



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