58 CALIFORNIA STATE COMMISSION OF HORTICULTURE. 



In treating of the different species of the scale-bug family, it will be 

 well to call attention to the new classification. Our Horticultural Com- 

 missioners have struggled hard, in most cases, to inform themselves in 

 regard to scale pests in California, and have learned to know them by 

 their old names. Now, these names have been largely changed, the 

 knowledge acquired by our commissioners is turned topsy-turvy, and 

 they will have to learn the names of their old acquaintances over 

 again, or fail to recognize them when they appear in print. Following 

 is appended a list of the changes which have been made in the nomen- 

 clature of the more common of our California scales. 



Common Name. New Name. Old Name. 



Mealy-Bug. Pseudococcus. Dactylopius. 



Black Scale. Saissetia olese. Lecanium olese. 



Soft Brown Scale. Coccus hesperidum. Lecanium hesperidum. 



Hemispherical Scale. Saissetia hemispherica. Lecanium hemisphericum. 



Apricot Scale. Eulecanium armeniacum. Lecanium armeniacum. 



Frosted Scale (Prune Scale). Eulecanium pruinosum. Lecanium pruinosum. 



Red Scale. Chrysomphalus aurantii. Aspidiotus aurantii. 



Yellow Scale. Chrysomphalus citrinus. Aspidiotus citrinus. 



Oleander Scale. Aspidiotus hederse. Aspidiotus nerii. 



Purple Scale. Lepidosaphes beckii. Mytilaspis citricola. 



Long Scale. Lepidosaphes gloverii. Mytilaspis gloverii. 



Rose Scale. Aulacaspis rosse. Diaspis rosre. 



These are a few of the changes that have been made in the nomen- 

 clature of this family, and the list presented above will aid our com- 

 missioners and those who learned under the old school to recognize 

 their old friends under their new names. 



In many members of this family there seems to be a sort of retro- 

 gression, and they go from bad to worse, from the time they are hatched 

 out until they die. When first hatched they are perfectly formed 

 insects, having the required six legs, well-formed antennae, eyes, and 

 mouth parts. They are lively in their motions and get around at a 

 fairly good rate. In a short time, however, they settle down in a chosen 

 place, on some form of vegetable, insert their beak and suck. Having 

 no further use for legs and other organs needed in active life, they 

 gradually lose them, molting in the meantime, and forming the coating 

 which we know as a scale. In the last stage, however, there is a differ- 

 ence between the two sexes, for while the female never changes her 

 position, being converted as it were into a mass of eggs and young at 

 the end of her life, the male emerges from the scale form a perfect 

 insect; usually a very pretty little creature, with a full complement of 

 feet and wings, and all other organs except mouth parts. He can no 

 longer eat, and is therefore not to be feared. His mouth parts disap- 

 pear and in their places he acquires a new pair of eyes. This we 

 presume is the better to enable him to find the female, for this is now 

 all that is left in life for him, and he soon passes away. 



