ENTOMOLOGY IX OUTLINE COLEOPTERA. 



105 



The round-headed apple-tree borer (Saperda Candida) is a pale-brown 

 beetle, with two broad whitish longitudinal stripes. The larval life is 

 three years, the 

 first part being 

 spent in the sap- 

 wood and the 

 later, and pupal 

 stages, in 

 heartwood. 

 " primers'' 



FIG. 98. 



Round-headed apple-tree borer (Saperda Candida), 

 a, larva; b, pupa; c, imago 



the 

 The 

 are 



species living in 

 and eating out 

 the hearts of 



twigs of maple, oak, apple, pear, plum, and other trees, so that the wind 

 blows them to the ground. 



Our great sugar and yellow pines are attacked by a large Cerambycid, 

 Ergates spiculatus. The genus Prionus has some large species, the 



larvae of which are two and one half to three 

 inches long and which live in the roots of 

 apple and cherry trees, and of grape and black- 

 berry vines. 



'Section TRIMERA. 



This section contains only one family, the 

 all-important beneficial one, the Coeeinellidse, 

 or ladybirds. They are small, hemispherical 

 beetles, usually red or yellow with black 

 spots, or black with red or yellow spots. The 

 tarsi have only three joints, so that if confused 

 with certain Chrysomelids, as they sometimes 

 are, this character serves to readily distin- 

 guish them. With one exception, the genus 

 Epilachna, they are all predatory, both larvae and adults, on plant- 

 lice, scale insects, and other soft-bodied plant-feeding insects. The 

 larvae are slender and fusiform in shape, with roughened spiny bodies, 

 often prettily marked with blue, black, and orange. 



Hippodamia convergens is a very common native form, feeding prin- 

 cipally on plant-lice (aphids). It is yellowish red in color, with six 

 black spots on each wing-cover. Coccinella calif ornica is a similar form, 

 but more rounded and lacking the spots. C. sanguinea is a small, 

 blood-red form. C. abdofninalis is the ashy gray ladybird with seven 

 small black spots on the thorax and eight on each wing-cover. Chilo- 

 corus bii-ulnerus, the "twice-stabbed," is a large black ladybird, with a 

 large red spot on each wing-cover, very destructive to the armored 



FIG. 99. California pine-borer 

 (Pnonu? californica). 



