42 ENTOMOLOGY 



Hymenoptera. In the honey bee, which will serve as a type, the 

 labrum is simple; the mandibles are well developed instruments for 

 cutting and other purposes (Fig. 56) and the remaining mouth parts 

 form a highly complex suctorial apparatus, as follows. The "tongue" 

 (glossa) is a long flexible organ, terminating in a "spoon" (labellum, 

 Figs. 56, 129) and clothed with hairs of various kinds, for gathering 



md 



PIG. 56. Mouth parts of the honey bee, Apis mellifera, ventral aspect, c, cardo; g, 

 glossa (united glossae); /, lorum; Ib, labellum; Ip, labial palpus; m, mentum; md, mandible; 

 mp, maxillary palpus; mx, maxilla; p, paraglossa; pg, palpiger; s, stipes (plus subgalea and 

 palpifer) ; sm, submentum. The blade of the maxilla is the galea, and the rounded lobe 

 opposite the palpus is the lacinia. 



nectar or for sensory or mechanical purposes. The maxillae and labial 

 palpi form a tube embracing the tongue, while the epipharynx fits into 

 the space between the bases of the maxillae to complete this tube. 

 Through this canal nectar is driven, by the expansion and contraction 

 of the tube itself, according to Cheshire, except that when only a small 

 quantity of nectar is taken, this passes from the spoon into a fine "cen- 



