, 



ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 



tera, Hymenoptera and some other orders of insects. The ovipositor 

 consists essentially of three pairs of valves, or gonapophyses a dorsal, a 

 ventral and an inner pair. The two inner valves form a channel through 

 which the eggs are conveyed. In Tettigoniidae (Fig. 81) the three 



valves of each side are held to- 

 gether by tongues and grooves, 

 which, however, permit sliding 



FIG. 79. Abdomen of female beetle, Cer- 

 ambyx, in which the last three segments are 

 used as an ovipositor. After KOLBE. 



FIG. 80. Abdomen of a female midge, 

 Dasyneura leguminicola, to show the 

 pseudo -ovipositor. 



movements to take place. Most authorities have found that the 

 gonapophyses belong to the segmental series of paired appendages 

 are homodynamous with limbs and pertain commonly to abdominal 



FIG. 81. Ovipositor of Phasgonura. A, lateral aspect; B, ventral aspect; C, transverse 

 section; c, cerci; d, dorsal valve; i, inner valve; v, ventral valve. The numbers refer to ab- 

 dominal segments. After KOLBE and DEWITZ. 



segments eight, nine and ten; though there are different views in 

 regard to this. 



The ovipositor attains its greatest complexity in Hymenoptera, in 

 which it becomes modified for sawing, boring or stinging. In Sir ex (Fig. 



