332 



ENTOMOLOGY 



realm has seventy-five peculiar genera of Carabidae and is marvelously 

 rich in Cetoniidae and Lycaenidae. 



The Oriental realm includes India, Ceylon, Tropical China, and the 

 Western Malay Islands. In the richness of its insect fauna, this realm 

 vies with the Neotropical. Danaidae and Papilionidae are abundant, 

 while the genus Morpho is represented by some forty species; of Cole- 

 optera, Buprestidae are important andLucanidae especially so. 



The Australian realm embodies Australia, New Zealand, the Eastern 

 Malay Islands and Polynesia. Buprestidae are here represented by 

 forty-seven genera, of which twenty are peculiar; against this showing, 

 the Oriental has forty-one genera and the Neotropical thirty-nine (Wal- 

 lace). Strong affinities are said to exist between the Australian and 

 Neotropical insect faunae. 



Life Zones of North America. Merriam, the chief authority upon 

 the subject, says: "The continent of North America may be divided, 



FIG. 299. Distribution of Erynnis mani- 

 toba, a butterfly restricted to subarctic and 

 subalpine regions. After SCUDDER. 



FIG. 300. Distribution in the United 

 States of Eudamus proteus, primarily a trop- 

 ical butterfly. After SCUDDER. 



according to the distribution of its animals and plants, into three 

 primary transcontinental regions Boreal, Austral and Tropical." 

 (Plate IV). 



The Boreal region covers the northern part of the continent to about 

 the northern boundary of the United States and continues southward 

 along the higher portions of the mountain ranges. This region is 

 divided into three transcontinental zones: (i) the Arctic- Alpine, lying 

 above the limits of tree growth, in latitude or altitude; (2) the Hudso- 

 nian, comprising the northern part of the great transcontinental conifer- 

 ous forest and the upper timbered slopes of the highest mountains of the 

 United States and Mexico; (3) the Canadian, covering the remainder of 

 the Boreal region. The butterfly Erynnis manitoba (Fig. 299) is strictly 

 boreal in distribution. 



