;o 



ENTOMOLOGY 



valves of each side are held together 

 by tongues and grooves, which, how- 

 ever, permit sliding movements to take 

 'place. Most authorities have found 

 that the gonapophyses belong to the 

 segmental series of paired appendages 

 are homodynamous with limbs and 

 pertain commonly to abdominal segments 

 seven, eight and nine. 



The ovipositor attains its greatest 

 complexity in Hymenoptera, in which 

 it becomes modified for 

 sawing, boring or sting- 

 ing. In Sir ex (Fig. 80) 

 the inner valves are 

 united together; in Apis 

 the dorsal valves are rep- 



FIG. 82. 



Cross section of the 

 ovipositor of Sirex. c, 

 channel; d, d, dorsal 

 valves; i, united inner 

 valves; v, v, ventral 

 valves. After TASCHEN- 



BERG. 



FIG. 81. 



Sting of honey bee. A, i, 2, 3, positions 

 in three successive thrusts; s, sheath. B, 

 cross section; c, channel; i, united inner 

 valves, forming the sheath; v, v, ventral 

 valves, or darts. A, after CHESHIRE; B, after 

 FENCER. 



resented by a pair of palpi, the 

 inner valves unite to form the 

 sheath (Fig. 81, B), and the ven- 

 tral two form the darts, each of 

 sting and poison apparatus which has ten barbed teeth behind 



of honey bee. ag, accessory . 1-1 i 



gland; p, paipus; p gl poison its apex, which tend to prevent 



^ Q withdrawal of the sting from a 

 wound. The action of the sting, as 



gland (formic acid); r, reser 



voir; .?. sting. After KRAEPE 



