X xii ILL USTRA TIONS 



FICMJRK PAGE 



65. Paradoxides spinosus. Cambrian, Bohemia ; pygidium and six 



free segments 79 



66. Female of Lernceascus nematoxys, a parasitic copepod ; showing 



suppression of limbs 85 



67. Horse-shoe Crab (Limulus polyphemus) ; showing telson spine 



and abbreviated abdomen 85 



68. A Devonian phyllocarid (Echinocaris socialis) ; showing spini- 



form telson and cercopods 85 



69. Wing of Apteryx australis 85 



70. Skeleton of right fore limb of the Jurassic Dinosaur Iguanodon 



bernissartensis ; showing suppressed first digit 85 



71. Leaf of Ratan (Dcemonorops hygrophilus) 89 



72. Leaf of Ratan (Desmoncus polycanihus) 89 



73. Bramble (Rubus squarrosus^) 89 



74. Diagram and table ; showing correlation of stages and conditions 



of development in the spinose individual, in its ancestry, 



and in time 100 



75. Table of geological distribution of Trilobita 133 



76. Agnostus nudus Beyrich 177 



77. Agnostus rex Barrande 177 



78. Trinucleus ornatus Sternberg 177 



79. Hydrocephalus saturnoides Barrande 177 



80. Hydrocephalus carens Barrande 177 



81-83. Olenellus (Mesonacis) asaphoides Emmons 177 



84. Geological range and distribution of Arthropoda 184 



85-94. Cistella neapolitana Scacchi 248-250 



95-98. SpirorUs borealis Daudin 253 



99, 100. Cistella neapolitana Scacchi 254 



101-107. Thecidium (Lacazella) mediterraneum Risso 258 



108-113. Cistella neapolitana Scacchi .... 261 



114. Delthyrium of young Rhynchonella, without deltidial plates . . 262 



115. The same at a later stage, with two triangular deltidial plates . 262 



116. The same after completed growth ; showing joining of deltidial 



plates, and limitation of pedicle-opening to ventral beak . 262 



117. Dorsal view of Magellania flavescens ; showing completed 



deltidial plates (del) 262 



118. The same; profile 262 



119. Dorsal view of umbonal portion of adult Terebratulina septen- 



trionalis, with shell removed by acid ; showing slight sec- 

 ondary extension of ventral mantle around pedicle . . . 262 



120. Dorsal view of umbonal portion of Magellania flavescens, with 



the shell removed by acid ; showing the complete envelop- 

 ment of base of pedicle by secondary expansions from ven- 

 tral mantle, and consequent production of deltidial plates 

 filling delthyrium except at pedicle-opening 262 



