ORGANIZATION AND GROWTH 237 



to 16 C. Now, I have found that a rise of temperature of 

 from 10 to 16 not only does not diminish growth, but in- 

 creases it, in spite of the fact that the Tubularise need more 

 oxygen when the temperature is raised. It can therefore 

 not be assumed that a decrease in the amount of oxygen 

 contained in the sea-water brought about by the addition of 

 sodium chloride in varying amounts up to 1.6 g. to each 

 100 c.c. of water determines the decrease in linear growth. 

 Professor Zuntz, to whom I appealed in the absence of more 

 extensive experiments on the effect of concentration upon 

 gas absorption, does not believe that so slight a difference in 

 the amount of dissolved oxygen as was observed in the solu- 

 tions employed in these experiments need be considered in 

 my results, since animals get along well in summer, when the 

 temperature is high and the demand for oxygen is corre- 

 spondingly increased. 



X. SOME REMARKS ON THE EXPERIMENTS OF SOHMANKEWITSCH 



1. The proof which has been given in the preceding 

 chapter that, with changes in the amount of water absorbed, 

 the growth of animals is changed in the same way as the 

 growths of plants, enables us, I believe, to give a physical 

 explanation of some of the wonderful experimental results 

 obtained by Schmankewitsch in the artificial conversion of 

 the genera Artemia mulhausenii, salina, and Branchipus. 1 



In 1871, during a flood, 



the dam which separates the less salty water of the upper part of 

 the Kujalnik Liman from the lower part, which is filled with salt 

 precipitated from its own waters, broke through, diluting the 

 water of the lower part to 8 Beaume 1 , and causing a large number 

 of Artemia salina to appear in it, which had evidently been brought 

 down from the upper part of the Kujalnik and the salt-water pools 

 in its vicinity. In the course of the following year the concentra- 



1W. J. SCHMANKEWITSCH, Zeitschrift filr wissenschaftliche Zoologie, Vol. XXV, 

 Supplement (1875) ; ibid., Vol. XXIX (1887). 



