1910] Hall: Studies in Ornamental Trees and Shrubs. 39 



if plenty of room is given it, in order that there may be a 

 symmetrical development and that the general outline may be 

 brought out. 



Lyonothamnus is especially recommended as an avenue tree. 

 The erect habit of growth, moderate spread, and narrow crown, 

 would combine with the graceful foliage in making an avenue 

 of these trees one of the most dignified and pleasing drives in 

 the state. It is hoped that the suppty will soon be sufficiently 

 adequate to warrant their utilization for this purpose. 



Objection has been made to it as a lawn tree because of the 

 litter produced, but healthy trees cast no appreciable amount 

 of litter. When grown on lawns, the ground directly under 

 the tree should be cultivated. The only further objection that 

 I have heard is that it harbors black scale, this reason being- 

 given for its scarcity at Los Angeles. This objection, however, 

 is not a serious one, since black scale is now readily held in 

 check by certain animal parasites. Trees at Santa Barbara and 

 at Berkeley are not infested with scale to any noticeable extent. 



Concerning the conditions under which Lyonothamnus may 

 be expected to thrive, we can only say that, so far as tried, there 

 have been no failures. These trials have been mostly in the 

 coast districts. The interior may be too dry for its best de- 

 velopment, but this point has not yet been tested. Perhaps the 

 best specimen in cultivation is the one on the Reed grounds at 

 Pasadena, where the summers are quite warm and dry. Its 

 hardiness is likewise unknown, but temperatures of 25 F: have 

 not affected the foliage whatever. 



In its natural habitat, Lyonothamnus grows on well drained 

 soil which is moderately mcist. The groves, so far as I have 

 observed, are always on north slopes, but neither in canon bot- 

 toms nor on the wind-swept ridges. These groves are of very 

 limited size, mostly covering less than an acre of land, and of 

 limited number. Seedlings, moreover, are entirely wanting, all 

 of the trees being apparently second growth, that is, suckers 

 from old stumps. Even where the old stumps are not found, the 

 trees are frequently arranged in an irregular circle, the center 

 of which was perhaps once occupied by the parent tree. Only 

 a very small percentage of the seeds are fertile and nurserymen 



