STUDIES OF PLANT LIFE 



attractive native plant than the Chimaphila in our Cana- 

 dian flora. 



The leaves of this beautiful Wintergreen are held in high 

 estimation by the Indian herbalists, who call it Eheumatism 

 Weed (Pipsissewa). It is bitter and aromatic in quality. 



LUPINE Lupinus perennis (L.). 



(PLATE V.) 

 " Lupine, whose azure eye sparkles with dew." 



Those who know the Blue Lupine only as a cultivated 

 flower can form but a poor idea of its beauty in its wild 

 state on the rolling prairies or plain-lands. 



On light loamy 01* sandy soil our gay Lupine may be seen 

 gladdening the wastes and purpling the ground with its 

 long spikes of azure blue, white and purple flowers of 

 many shades. 



The Lupine comes in with the larger yellow Moccasin 

 (Cypripedium pubescens) ; the Trillium grandiflorum; the 

 white Pyrola, Wild Rose (Rosa blanda) ; Scarlet-cup 

 (Castilleia coccinea) and many others in the flowery month 

 of June; mingling its azure flowers with these, it produces 

 an effect most pleasing to the eye. 



The blossoms, like those of all the Pulse tribe to which it 

 belongs, are papilionaceous or winged. The two upper 

 petals or wings are concave, closing over the scythe-shaped 

 keel which encloses the stamens; these are united into a 

 bundle at the base (this arrangement is called by botanists 

 monadelphous). The sheath that conceals the stamens is 

 entire, pointed and varying in color from white to reddish- 

 purple. The flowers are set on short pedicels or flower 

 stalks, forming a close long terminal raceme, the lower 

 flowers opening first. The stem is leafy, erect, downy; the 

 leaves, on longish footstalks, are composed of from seven to 



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