716 Tin-: CEREBRAL COKTRX. 



exeital IMI, ,,!' MIC superior temporal convolution, which also prodiie.es 



movement of the head and eves to the. opposite side, was found by 

 Kernel- to he ;iceoii]|);inied by contraction of the pupils. The probability 

 is, since dilatation of the pupil is ordinarily associated with converg- 

 ence, and contraction with parallelism of the visual axes, that the 

 pupillary effects of cerebral stimulation vary according as such 

 stimulation tends to produce one or other of those conditions. 

 l>ut the matter is one. to which little attention has hitherto been 

 given. 



It is noteworlhy that, although in hirds l''crrier was unahle to obtain 

 any movements of the limb or trunk muscles as the result of electrica I 

 stimula,tion of the. hemisphere, nevertheless stimulation of a point at the 

 vertex of the hemisphere produced " intense contraction of the opposite 

 pupil, occasionally associated with turning ( f the head to the. opposite 



Me." 



Effects upon the secretions and upon involuntary muscular 



tissue. The effects of emotions upon the secretions, and especially the 

 secretions of saliva, and sweat, and upon the muscular tissue? supplied 

 through the sympathetic nervous system, especially that of the skin 

 and hairs of the ;i limcnl an canal and of the urinary Madder, render it 

 very prohahle that artificial excitation of the corfe.x should also produce 

 similar effects. Thai excitation of the cortex in the dog produces 

 a How of saliva, was first shown hy Ilochel'ontaine, 1 who ohtained it, from 

 excitation of points scattered over the greater part of the motor area. 

 The effect was usually most marked upon the gland (the Kuhmaxillary 

 was employed) of the opposite side, hut there was some secretion from 

 the gland of the same side; the impulses passed hy the chorda, fyiiipam." 

 There is also a marked How as tin- result of artificially induced epilepsy. :; 

 So far as the secretion of sweat is concerned, simple excitation of the 

 cortex has yielded negative results, hut Adamkiewicx has remarked the 

 occurrence of abundant perspiration in partial cortical epilepsy in man, 

 affecting the parts which were thrown into convulsions; and the sa.me 

 has heen noted in the foot of ihe cat as the result of artificially 

 produced epilepsy hy I'Yanck and 1'itres. A certain nuniher of ohserva- 



fions have heen made upon other secretions urinary, gastric, biliary 

 hy r.ocliefniilaine ' and others, hut these have been <piitc insnllieient to 

 determine whether any direct or localised relation subsists between 

 special parts of the cortex and the secretions. The evidence, is, on the 

 whole, unfavourable to the conclusion that there are such localised 

 relations, and the effects which are obtained seem to he produced by tin? 

 cortex as a whole acting upon the bulbo-spinal centres. 



Still fewer experiments have heen made upon the influence <,f 

 the cortex upon the "organic" muscles. The only ones that need 

 here be referred to are those upon the bladder. Bochefontaine ' 

 found that excitation in the dog of certain points in the neighbour- 

 hood of the crucial sulcus produced evacuation of the contents 

 of the bladder in curarised animals. This observation has been 



1 .//v//. dtphytiol, norm, if fiitf/i., Paris, 1S7<'>, p. 1 ii 1 . 



3 Of. on this sul.j.vt, Krkhanl, AY/7,-. .. .//;/. H. /V,//.xW. (/>///,?/-/). GleWfU, I'-l. 

 vii. S. 19!t; and AVi/W. < ' ////W/./., l,i-i]/i,'. ISS'.i, S. (5. r ; :il-.o v. I'^vliin v\\ and Mislawski, 

 /'/./,/.. ISSS, S. .'.;>:;. IMII-UMT r.-lrri-nn-s \vill he Tumid in the article " S.-iliv.-iry Svr'tii>n," 

 hy Ijiin^lt-y, in tin 1 first, voluinr >!' tliis \vurk. 



; AllMTtuni, M imtwl ly Kraii;ois-Kninck, !<-. c//., j.. li-10 ; ulso Kninfois-Franolc :m.l 

 1'inrs, tnc. <-t/. 4 Loc. cit. "' //<'. cit. 



